通信嵌入式系统PCB电磁兼容优化设计
PCB EMC Optimization for Communication Embedded Systems
赵李阳 1张敏2
作者信息
- 1. 辽宁工程技术大学电子与信息工程学院，辽宁葫芦岛 125105
- 2. 辽宁工程技术大学电子与信息工程学院，葫芦岛市，125105
- 折叠
摘要
由于通信技术高频化、嵌入式硬件小型化的发展趋势十分明显，因此印制电路板（PCB）的布局布线及铺铜策略自然而然地成为决定系统电磁辐射强度、信号完整性的最直接因素，而设计不当极易导致信号回路面积增大、天线效应加剧，从而引起高频电磁波辐射及严重电磁干扰（EMI），最终影响通信设备的可靠性。故而本文以电磁场与电磁波基础理论为出发点，针对通信类嵌入式硬件的电磁兼容（EMC）痛点，从地平面铺铜、信号走线约束、电源回路优化、模块分区布局四个维度系统、严谨地提出了优化方案，更难得的是，文中对PCB优化前后的设计形态做了细致对比，由此自然、流畅地引出辐射抑制的理论机理及工程实现方法。更重要的是，所提方案不需要额外添加滤波器件，也毋需进行复杂仿真测试，最重要的是区别于传统单一布线整改方式，本文采用多频段辐射协同抑制+网格化多点位测试分析的组合优化思路，从地平面完整性、信号回流路径、高频走线约束多维度协同整改，改善全域电磁辐射分布特性。研究内容与通信工程硬件设计实践高度契合，对高频通信电路的规范化设计有极强的参考价值。
Abstract
With the obvious trend of high-frequency development in communication technology and miniaturization of embedded hardware, the layout, routing and copper pouring strategies ofprinted circuit boards (PCBs) have naturally become the most direct factors determining the electromagnetic radiation intensity and signal integrity of the system.Improper design can easily lead to increased signal loop area and intensified antenna effect, thereby causing high-frequency electromagnetic radiation and severe electromagnetic interference (EMI),which ultimately affects the reliability of communication equipment.Based on the basic theory of electromagnetic fields and waves, this paper systematically proposes optimization schemes from four dimensions:ground plane copper pouring, signal routing constraints, power loop optimization, and modular partition layout, aiming at the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) pain points of communication embedded hardware.In addition, a detailed comparison of PCB designs before and after optimization is conducted in this paper,which naturally and smoothly introduces the theoretical mechanism and engineering implementation method of radiation suppression.More importantly, the proposed scheme does not require additional filtering components or complex simulation tests, and can effectively suppress electromagnetic radiation only through reasonableadjustment of layout and routing, thus greatly improving the system\'s electromagnetic compatibility. Furthermore, the research content is highly consistent with the hardware design practice of communication engineering, and has extremely strong reference value for the standardized design of high-frequency communication circuits.关键词
PCB设计/电磁辐射抑制/信号完整性/通信嵌入式系统/地平面铺铜Key words
PCB design/electromagnetic radiation suppression/signal integrity/communication embedded system/ground plane copper pouring引用本文复制引用
赵李阳,张敏.通信嵌入式系统PCB电磁兼容优化设计[EB/OL].(2026-05-15)[2026-06-10].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/202605-79.学科分类
通信/无线通信
