西沙群岛的有害植物及其防控策略
The pernicious plants in the Paracel Islands and their control strategies
蔡洪月 蒲林 童升洪 陈权 刘东明 简曙光
作者信息
摘要
西沙群岛是我国南海西北部的一群热带珊瑚岛屿，自然环境独特且恶劣，生物多样性较低，生态系统极为脆弱。有害植物是西沙群岛植被退化的重要因素之一。开展西沙群岛有害植物的种类、分布及危害程度的调查研究很有必要。该文对西沙群岛有植被分布的24 个岛屿进行了野外实地调查，结合相关文献资料及评价体系，对西沙群岛有害植物的种类组成、分布、生长特性和危害程度等进行了全面的调查分析。结果表明：（1）西沙群岛现存有害植物共10 科20 属26 种，其中菊科、豆科、马鞭草科、樟科4 个科的植物种类数量占到了有害植物总数的53.8%。（2）根据生长、分布及危害程度情况，将西沙群岛的有害植物分为三个危害等级，其中1 级危害的植物有无根藤、飞机草、孪花蟛蜞菊、银合欢、鬼针草、羽芒菊等6 种，主要分布在永兴岛、东岛、琛航岛和珊瑚岛。（3）有害植物严重程度与岛屿上的植物种数和岛屿面积密切相关。综上建议，对西沙群岛的有害植物进行长期监测，对已造成严重危害的有害植物制定科学的防控策略，包括加强检验检疫、物理清除、化学防治、替代防控及宣传教育等。该研究结果为西沙群岛植被及生态系统的保护、健康及可持续发展提供了重要基础资料和科技支撑。
Abstract
The Paracel Islands are a group of tropical coral islands in the northwest of the SouthChina Sea. In these islands, the natural environment is unique and harsh, the biodiversity is low,and the ecosystem is extremely fragile. Threat from pernicious plants is one of the importantfactor for vegetation degradation in the Paracel Islands. It is necessary to investigate thepernicious plant species and its distribution, and extent of harm in the Paracel Islands. In thisresearch, field investigation on the 24 islands with vegetation in the Paracel Islands wereconducted, and the species composition, distribution, growth characteristics and harm degree ofpernicious plants were comprehensively investigated and analyzed in combination with relevant literature and evaluation system. The results were as follows: (1) There were 26 species ofpernicious plants belonging to 20 genera and 10 families in the Paracel Islands, of which thenumber of plants belonging to 4 families of Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Verbenaceae and Lauraceae,accounted for 53.8% of the total number species of pernicious plants. (2) According to theirgrowth, distribution, and extent of harm, pernicious plants could be classified into three levels.The first level of pernicious plants included Cassytha filiformis, Chromolaena odorata,Wollastonia biflora, Leucaena leucocephala, Bidens pilosa, and Tridax procumbens, mainlydistributed on Yongxing Dao, Dong Dao, Chenhang Dao, and Shanhu Dao. (3) The severity ofpernicious plants was closely related to the total number of plant species and area of the island.The life form of pernicious plants in the Paracel Islands was mainly terrestrial herbs, accountingfor 57.7%. The pernicious plants mainly came from the Americas, with a similar proportion ofnatural spread, unintentional introduction, intentional introduction sources. Based on the aboveresults, it is suggested to conduct long-term monitoring of pernicious plants in the Paracel Islands,and formulate scientific prevention and control strategies for pernicious plants that have causedserious harm, including strengthening inspection and quarantine, physical removal, chemical andalternative preventions and control, and publicity and education, etc. The research results provideimportant basic data, scientific and technological support for the protection, health and sustainabledevelopment of the vegetation and ecosystems in the Paracel Islands.关键词
有害植物/入侵植物/西沙群岛/热带珊瑚岛/控制策略/风险评估Key words
pernicious plants/invasive plants/the Paracel Islands/tropical coral islands/control strategy/hazard assessment引用本文复制引用
蔡洪月,蒲林,童升洪,陈权,刘东明,简曙光.西沙群岛的有害植物及其防控策略[EB/OL].(2024-09-22)[2026-04-05].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202409.00199.学科分类
环境生物学/植物学/环境科学技术现状
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