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低空新型基础设施是低空经济发展的核心底座。当前,各地低空基建项目加速落地,但模式选择存在路径模糊、适用性不清等问题。本文从“投资主体”和“投资回收闭环方式”两个维度出发,构建低空新型基础设施建设模式的二维分析框架,系统比较政府主导、市场主导、政企合作三种建设模式,以及投建营一体化、特许经营、低空交通导向开发(LATOD)三种闭环模式的特征、优势与局限,并结合实践案例提出场景化选择建议。研究发现,低空新型基础设施建设应坚持“因地制宜、分类施策”原则,不同区域应基于自身资源禀赋、财政实力和产业基础选择最优模式组合。一线城市可采用“政府主导+市场主导+LATOD”模式,通过专项债与产业基金联动、企业全周期运营、空铁联运枢纽开发实现多方共赢;中西部地区适合“政企合作+投建营一体化”模式,平衡财政压力与市场化运营;偏远地区可推行“资源共享型+特许经营”模式,降低建设成本并实现长期收益。研究为低空新型基础设施建设的政策制定与实践操作提供了理论参考。
人工智能伦理讨论常急于提出规则与治理方案,却容易忽略判断生成之前的前提条件。本文认为,人工智能时代的未来伦理学不应首先表现为封闭性规范命令,而应被理解为一种公共判断框架。该框架包括三个递进层次:以取景说明重建伦理判断的前提,明确情境、主体、价值排序与时间尺度;以边界审计重构伦理治理的正当性,追问问题定义权、利益分配、遗漏主体与程序可修正性;以敬畏重建价值底线,防止效率理性压缩尊严、责任、脆弱性与长期后果。由此,本文提出,未来伦理学应以开放、可参与、可审计、可修正的不定阐述进入公共视野,在不确定时代保存重新判断与重新承担责任的能力。
The Lamb shift is an approximately 1057 MHz energy level splitting between the 2S1/2 and 2P1/2 states in the n=2 level of the hydrogen atom, regarded as a core experimental evidence for quantum electrodynamics (QED). Based on the Great Tao Model and the Unified Theory of Atomic and Molecular Structure, this paper proposes that the Lamb shift may originate from the difference in spatial average electrostatic potential energy between spherical and ellipsoidal electron orbital dynamic entities. To verify this mechanism, we constructed an initial geometric model for the n=2 level of the hydrogen atom (setting the semi-major axis a=4a0 and the semi-minor axis b=2a0). Calculations show that this geometric effect is sufficient to produce energy level splittings on the order of GHz, confirming the feasibility of the mechanism. By comparing with experimental data, a nearly spherical stable ellipsoidal configuration (semi-minor axis b≈3.56a0) is determined, yielding a theoretical value (1.06 GHz) that precisely matches the experiment. This is not a simple parameter fitting, but rather a parameter determination jointly constrained by theory and experiment, successfully constructing a logically self-consistent classical physics-based "orbital geometry-precession dynamics" explanatory framework. Based on this framework, the model makes testable independent predictions: for the n=3 and n=4 excited states of hydrogen, the analogous energy level splittings will be approximately 0.20 GHz and 0.06 GHz, respectively, following a 1/n3 scaling law. This study provides the first first-principles computational example for the key concept of "electron orbital spatial configuration potential energy" in the Unified Theory of Atomic and Molecular Structure, and indicates a feasible classical path for calculating chemical bond energies and even predicting molecular spectra. This work not only provides a new physical interpretation of the Lamb shift based on classical realism, but also accomplishes a proof-of-principle validation from the explanation of a specific phenomenon to the construction of a new physical paradigm. It lays a crucial theoretical foundation for exploring a path toward understanding the microscopic world—one grounded in physical reality and logical consistency—outside the framework of quantum mechanics.
[目的] 针对大型语言模型(LLMs)从被动文本生成器演化为主动推理驱动的自主智能体(Agentic AI systems)后,学术界与工业界缺乏统一架构描述框架的问题,提出一个整合三篇核心研究的概念框架。 [方法] 基于三篇核心文献——Arunkumar et al. (2026)的《Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI): Architectures, taxonomies, and evaluation of large language model agents》、Jiang et al. (2026)的《SoK: Agentic Skills — Beyond tool use in LLM agents》、Chen et al. (2025)的《Towards reasoning era: A survey of long chain-of-thought for reasoning large language models》——采用逆向工程与概念综合方法,通过定义公理体系、层间接口契约和映射准则,提取并形式化定义四层系统架构模板。 [结果] 提出并形式化定义了四层系统架构:基础设施层(Infrastructure Layer)、认知推理层(Cognitive Reasoning Layer)、技能与工具整合层(Skill & Tool Integration Layer)、对齐与治理系统(Governance & Alignment Layer)。该架构构成了"算力-思维-行动-约束"的完整闭环。对每一层给出了严格的定义边界、核心构成要素、来源文献映射以及层间接口契约,并针对每一层可能的关键失败模式提出了防御性设计策略。 [局限] 框架目前为理论综合与形式化推导,尚未在大规模真实Agent系统中进行实证验证。 [结论] 本框架为Agentic AI系统的设计、分析与比较提供了统一的概念基准。
目的:探究酪氨酸激酶Fer在电离辐射诱导雄性生殖损伤中的作用。方法:采用X射线局部分次照射C57BL/6J小鼠下腹部(0.5 Gy/d×4 d,总剂量2 Gy),评估不同时间点的生殖损伤;利用蛋白质组学筛选差异蛋白,并进行Western blot验证;在小鼠精原干细胞减数分裂时期抑制Fer活性,观察其对Ing2表达水平的影响。结果:照射后第1天小鼠出现急性生殖损伤,第35天发展为暂时性不育,第70天恢复。睾丸组织中的Fer和Ing2在三个时间点的表达呈"下降-升高-恢复"动态变化。精原干细胞中抑制Fer活性后Ing2表达下调。结论:Fer可能通过调节减数分裂过程,在电离辐射诱导的小鼠生殖损伤及恢复过程发挥重要作用。














