青少年时间洞察力的潜在剖面与转变：主观社会经济地位的预测作用及其对学业成绩的影响

ime perspective is an individual s experience and concept of past, present and future time, and has always been a research focus in the field of time psychology. Studies abroad have proved that the development of adolescents time perspective is heterogeneous. With the constant change of individual factors and environmental factors, the development trajectory of time perspective is also dynamic. However, there is no studies to investigate the individual heterogeneity and transition of adolescents time perspective in China. Studies have shown that the socio-economic status can predict future orientation, but mainly based on cross-sectional studies. Furthermore, most domestic researches on the causal relationship between future time perspective and academic achievement ignore the continuity of time and the dynamic change of academic achievement. In order to solve the above problems, this study adopts a people-oriented approach to explore the individual heterogeneity, transition, the influence of socioeconomic status on the transition of Chinese adolescents time perspective, and the influence on the academic achievement. A sample of 539 junior middle school students was recruited as participants and measured twice. In both tests, the adolescents independently completed the demographic variables and Time Perspective Scale, and the school provided the participants final exam scores. In this study, latent profile analysis and latent transition analysis were used to explore the profiles and changes of adolescents time perspective. Multiple logistic regression was used to study the effects of socioeconomic status and academic achievement on the changes of different profiles of time perspective. Finally, paired-samples T test was used to explore the changes of academic performance during the changes of different profiles. The results showed that there are three different profiles of Chinese adolescents time perspective:high positive profile,low future profile and high nihility profile. Among them, the low future profile has the strongest stability, the high nihility profile has the worst stability, and the high positive profile, high nihility profile were more likely to transition to the low future profile. SSS plays a significant role in predicting the transition of time perspective profiles. Adolescents with high SSS level are less likely to change from high positive profile to high nihility profile, while adolescents with low SSS level are more likely to change from high positive profile to high nihility profile. In the transition from high positive profile to low future profile, the predictive effect of academic achievement is marginal significant. Gender and SES do not predict the transition of time perspective profiles. The high positive profile consistently had the best academic achievement. When all three profiles changed to a lower future, there was a significant decline in academic achievement. This study is the first to explore the heterogeneity and dynamic changes of Chinese adolescents time perspective. Its profile characteristics and transition patterns deepen researchers understanding of the individual differences and diversity of change patterns of adolescents time perspective, and inspire educational practitioners to carry out the classification and dynamic monitoring of time perspective in order to carry out targeted cognitive and behavioral interventions to improve adolescents academic achievement.