中国青少年失眠的评估工具和影响因素：一项范围综述
he Assessment Tools and Influencing Factors of Insomnia in Chinese Adolescents：a Scoping Review
背景 前期研究发现，青春期与睡眠的生理变化有关，且不同地区的青少年睡眠时间存在明显差异，中国青少年睡眠时间少、学习压力大，容易遭受失眠的困扰，进而影响身心健康发展。目的 系统梳理中国青少年失眠的评估工具和影响因素，为该领域未来的研究提供方向。方法 本研究于 2022 年 10 月开展，系统检索 Web ofScience Core Collection、PubMed、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网 5 个数据库，检索时间为建库至 2023 年3 月 1 日。由两名研究者独立筛选 12~18 岁中国青少年失眠的有关文章，并提取文章中的作者、发表年份、地区、研究类型、样本量、评估工具、患病率和影响因素信息。结果 通过检索数据库获得文献 1 440 篇，最终纳入符合要求的文献 39 篇，包括英文文献 34 篇、中文文献 5 篇，共涉及 23 项研究，样本量为 62~33 692，研究类型以横截面研究为主（15 项）。23 项研究共使用 8 种失眠评估工具，1 项研究提供了失眠的客观测量数据，3 项研究涉及量表本土化评估或开发，共检验了 5 种自评工具并提供了信效度数据，其内部一致性信度为 0.50~0.83，2 周后重测信度为 0.40~0.82，受试者工作特征曲线下面积为 0.79~0.85。中国青少年失眠的影响因素复杂而多样，包括人口学因素（年龄、性别等）、生理因素（遗传、身体健康状况等）、心理因素（焦虑、抑郁等）及行为因素（运动、吸烟等）。结论 中国青少年失眠评估工具种类多样且影响因素复杂，目前对评估工具的信效度检验不足，失眠的客观测量数据匮乏，失眠与影响因素的因果关系尚未明确，未来仍需进一步研究。
BackgroundPrevious research has indicated that adolescence is associated with physiological changes in sleep patterns. And there are significant variations in sleep duration among adolescents from different regions. Chinese adolescents face short sleep durations and intense academic pressureswhich can lead to insomnia and affect their physical and mental health development. ObjectiveTo systematically review the assessment tools and influencing factors of insomnia in Chinese adolescentsand provide guidance for future research in this field. MethodsInitiated in October 2022this study conducted a systematic search in 5 databasesWeb of Science Core CollectionPubMedChina National Knowledge Infrastructure Wanfangand VIP Database. Two researchers screened articles related to insomnia in Chinese adolescents aged 12 to 18. And then they extracted the following information independentlyauthorspublication yearregiontype of research designsize of study sampleassessment toolsprevalenceand influencing factors. ResultsA total of 1 440 articles were retrieved from the databaseswith 39 articles ultimately included in the study34 in English and 5 in Chinesecovering 23 studies. The sample sizes ranged from 62 to 33 692. Cross-sectional studies were the most common method15 studies among the included research. Analysis revealed that the 23 studies utilized 8 kinds of insomnia assessment tools. Only 1 study provided objectively measured sleep features. 3 studies involved localized assessment or development of 5 self-report toolsand provided reliability and validity data. The internal consistency of the 5 tools ranged from 0.50 to 0.83test-retest reliability after two weeks ranged from 0.40 to 0.82and Area Under the Curve ranged from 0.79 to 0.85. The influencing factors of insomnia in Chinese adolescents were diverse and complicatedwhich included demographic factorsagegenderetc.physiological factorsgenetics health statusetc.psychological factorsanxietydepressionetc.and behavioral factorsexercisesmoking etc.. ConclusionThe assessment tools and influencing factors of insomnia in Chinese adolescents are diverse. However there is insufficient validation of the reliability and validity of the assessment tools. Few studies have provided objectively measured sleep features of insomnia in Chinese adolescents. And the causal relationship between insomnia and its influencing factors remains unclear. Further research is still required in the future.
余悦敏、莫非非、李乐思、潘集阳
10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0781
神经病学、精神病学医学研究方法预防医学
失眠症青少年健康评估工具影响因素分析范围综述
余悦敏,莫非非,李乐思,潘集阳.中国青少年失眠的评估工具和影响因素：一项范围综述[EB/OL].(2024-10-11)[2025-08-04].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202410.00078.点此复制
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