连云港孔望山汉代墓葬出土棺木的树种鉴定与分析
Identification and Analysis of Tree Species of Coffins Unearthed from Han Tombs in Kongwangshan, Lianyungang
考古出土木材具有自然和社会双重属性，它承载并见证了自然环境演变与人类文明的形成和发展，是木材考古学研究中极为重要的遗存材料。本文选取连云港孔望山汉代墓葬出土的棺木作为研究对象，通过对出土棺木的种属鉴定分析，旨在揭示当时遗址周边的植被类型和气候环境特征，并探究先民利用木材的方式和策略。研究结果显示：（1）经对连云港孔望山汉代墓葬出土棺木的树种鉴定分析，可知该地区在汉代时期可能生长着以桢楠属（Phoebe sp.）和杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）为代表的常绿-落叶阔叶混交林，表明当时遗址周围的环境较现今更为温暖湿润。（2）鉴于当时生产力水平和运输条件的限制，推测古代先民在棺木用材方面可能为就地取材，并且在木材利用策略上表现出一定的选择和组织能力，反映出先民对木材天然性能的良好认知。本研究为该地区墓葬年代和背景的考证提供了理论依据，对认识江苏森林的历史变迁也具有一定的参考价值。
文物考古环境生物学古生物学
墓葬棺木树种鉴定桢楠属杉木
肖中财,周非飞,张迪.连云港孔望山汉代墓葬出土棺木的树种鉴定与分析[EB/OL].(2024-11-22)[2025-10-31].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/202411-50.点此复制
Archaeological unearthed wood possesses both natural and social attributes. It bears and witnesses the evolution of natural environment as well as the formation and development of human civilization, and is an extremely important material in the research of wood archaeology. In this paper, the coffins unearthed from the Han Dynasty tomb in Kongwangshan, Lianyungang were selected as the research object. Through the identification and analysis of the species of the unearthed coffins, the purpose is to reveal the vegetation types and climatic and environmental characteristics around the site at that time, and to explore the ways and strategies of ancient people to use wood. The results show that: (1) Through the identification and analysis of the tree species of the coffins unearthed from the Han Dynasty tombs in Kongwangshan, Lianyungang, it is known that the evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest represented by Phoebe sp. and Cunninghamia lanceolata may have grown in this area during the Han Dynasty, indicating that the environment around the site at that time was warmer and wetter than it is currently. (2) In view of the limitations of productivity and transportation conditions at that time, it is speculated that the ancient ancestors may have used local materials for coffin materials, and showed certain selection and organization ability in wood utilization strategy, reflecting the ancestors\' good understanding of the natural properties of wood. This study provides a theoretical basis for the research on the age and background of tombs in this area, and also has certain reference value for understanding the historical changes of forests in Jiangsu.
TombsCoffinTree species identificationPhoebe sp.Cunninghamia lanceolata
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