放射损伤救治中纳米材料的应用及研究现状

With the development of nuclear technology in industrial and medical fields,the possibility of radiation injury to humans also increases.Although some small molecule drugs for radiation injury treatment have been applied in clinical practice or are undergoing preclinical research,their short circulation time and fast metabolism greatly weaken their therapeutic effects.The application of nanomaterials in radiation injury treatment has increasingly attracted the attention of academia and medicine.Compared with small molecule drugs,nanomaterials have shown a series of advantages in radiation injury treatment research, including excellent bioactivity,chemical stability,excellent tissue compatibility,and targeted delivery ability. By rationally designing and developing nanomedicines,it is hoped to compensate for the defects of existing radiation injury treatment small molecule drugs.Given the many advantages of nanomaterials,this review summarizes the design strategies and classification of nanomaterials involved in radiation injury treatment,and analyzes the pathogenic mechanisms of common radiation-induced diseases and the research status of nanomaterial treatment of various radioactive diseases,including nanoprompting therapy for internal contamination with radioactive nuclides.However,although these nanomaterials have extensive application potential,their biosecurity and clinical efficacy still need further research and investigation,Finally,the challenges and future prospects of using nanomaterials for radiation injury treatment are discussed.