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On arithmetic terms expressing the prime-counting function and the n-th prime

On arithmetic terms expressing the prime-counting function and the n-th prime

来源:Arxiv_logoArxiv
英文摘要

We present the first fixed-length elementary closed-form expressions for the prime-counting function, $π(n)$, and the $n$-th prime number, $p(n)$. These expressions are arithmetic terms, requiring only a finite and fixed number of elementary arithmetic operations from the set: addition, subtraction, multiplication, integer division, and exponentiation. Mazzanti proved that every Kalmar function can be represented as an arithmetic term. We develop an arithmetic term representing the prime omega function, $ω(n)$, which counts the number of distinct prime divisors of a positive integer $n$. From this term, we find immediately an arithmetic term for the prime-counting function, $π(n)$. Combining these results with a new arithmetic term for binomial coefficients and novel prime-related exponential Diophantine equations, we manage to develop an arithmetic term for the $n$-th prime number, $p(n)$, thereby providing a constructive solution to the fundamental question: Is there an order to the primes?

Mihai Prunescu、Joseph M. Shunia

数学

Mihai Prunescu,Joseph M. Shunia.On arithmetic terms expressing the prime-counting function and the n-th prime[EB/OL].(2025-08-04)[2025-08-19].https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.14594.点此复制

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