人机合作使人更冒险：主体责任感的中介作用

Risk decision-making involves choices made by individuals when they are uncertain about future outcomes. With advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), AI can now assist humans in making decisions. For instance, human drivers and AI drivers cooperate to carry out driving tasks, human doctors and AI doctors can collaborate on medical decisions. Currently, it is unclear how AI affects individuals risk decision-making during such collaborations, which is crucial for enhancing the quality of human-AI decision-making. Therefore, studying the impact of human-AI cooperation on individuals risk decision-making is essential.In Experiment 1a, a total of 100 participants were recruited from one university. Employing a within-subject design, the independent variable was the partner type (i.e., human-human cooperation, human-AI cooperation, or no partner), while the dependent variable measured individuals risk decision-making using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). In Experiment 1b, a total of 151 participants were recruited from another university and randomly assigned to two conditions: human-human cooperation and human-AI cooperation. As in Experiment 1a, the dependent variable remained the same. To investigate the mediating role of individual agentic responsibility, Experiment 2 recruited 199 participants from a university. This experiment utilized a between-subjects design, with the independent variable being the partner type (i.e., human-human cooperation or human-robot cooperation). Individual agentic responsibility was assessed by measuring the extent to which participants assumed responsibility for their tasks, and the dependent variable was individuals risk levels as measured by the BART. Experiment 3 further explored the moderating effect of outcome feedback. Participants received feedback based on their BART performance in Experiment 2, categorized as success or failure, and then assessed their perceived agentic responsibility before completing the BART again.The results of Experiment 1a and 1b showed that participants in the control group (i.e., without cooperation) exhibited the highest risk-taking behavior, while those engaged in human-AI cooperation took greater risks than those in human-human cooperation. Results from Experiment 2 demonstrated that individual agentic responsibility partially mediated the effect of human-AI cooperation on individuals risk decision-making. Specifically, participants reported a higher sense of agentic responsibility in human-AI cooperation compared to human-human cooperation, which contributed to increased risk-taking. Experiment 3 revealed that outcome feedback significantly moderates the mediating role of individual agentic responsibility regarding the influence of human-AI cooperation (versus human-human cooperation) on individuals risk decision-making. Notably, under success conditions, participants attributed greater responsibility to themselves in human-AI collaboration compared to human-human collaboration. Conversely, under failure conditions, there was no significant difference in responsibility attribution between the two types of collaboration.?This research demonstrates that collaboration with AI can enhance an individuals propensity for risk-taking. Moreover, the influence of human-AI cooperation, compared to human-human cooperation, on individuals risk decision-making is mediated by a sense of individual agentic responsibility and moderated by outcome feedback. These findings offer significant theoretical insights. Furthermore, this study holds substantial practical implications by aiding individuals in understanding how collaboration with AI impacts their risk-taking behaviors.