空间导航能力性别差异的三水平元分析

Spatial navigation is an essential cognitive ability, yet the existence and extent of gender differences in this domain remain contentious. A there-level meta-analysis was conducted, synthesizing data from 173 studies, with a total of 372 independent effect sizes and 26604 participants. The results indicated that spatial navigation ability generally exhibited gender differences, with males having stronger spatial navigation ability than females.?However, these differences were influenced by various factors, including age, representation mode, time constraints, task environment, test scene, and auxiliary equipment. Specifically, gender differences in spatial navigation ability were not significant among infants and toddlers, in late adulthood, under dual indoor-outdoor testing conditions, or in the absence of auxiliary devices.?These results provide a comprehensive analysis of gender differences in spatial navigation ability, identify key moderating variables, and offer evidence-based recommendations for educational practices aimed at reducing gender disparities in this domain.