Ultra-small Particle Size Nanobubbles Improve Inflammation-related Cognitive Impairment over Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses and Promoting Anti-oxidative Stress

ognitive impairment associated with central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and oxidative stress is an important clinical symptom in a variety of diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, depression, pathogenic microbial infections, CNS damage, and metabolic disorders. However, effective clinical means to inhibit CNS inflammation and oxidative stress to ameliorate cognitive impairment are still lacking. Here, we reveal that nitrogen-prepared Ultra-small particle size nanobubbles (UsNBs) can resist oxidative stress by promoting cellular SOD expression. UsNBs also inhibit the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype differentiation of microglia while promoting the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype differentiation. Further, we demonstrate that UsNBs can effectively alleviate inflammation-induced depressive-like behaviour and cognitive impairment. Our results provide new clues for the clinical treatment of cognitive impairment.