大数据背景下的生态系统观测与研究

s a series of global problems, such as global change and sustainable development, have become the hotspots in the literature, ecological research has evolved from local scale to regional, continental or even global scale. Meanwhile, with the development of sensor and network technology, the focus of ecosystem observations has changed from short-time observations to long-term observations on the macrostructure of ecosystem and the spatio-temporal pattern of ecosystem services, also from the small-scale observation to regional and even global scale network observation and space-ground integrated observation. In summary, ecological studies have entered the big data era. It is a challenge and opportunity that how to apply the new technology, multi-disciplinary knowledge integration, multi-scale and multi-source data integration, and big-data-driven ecological model development to achieve the integration between traditional ecological process-based ecological research and big-data-driven ecological research. Big-data-driven ecology should promote the development of ecological theory, mechanism research of regional and global ecosystem evolution and sustainable development of human society under the background of global climate change, biodiversity protection, and ecosystem function maintenance. This paper reviews the current status of ecosystem observation and research, and discusses the important characteristics of ecosystem observation and research under the background of big data. We suggest organizing and implementing the construction of national ecosystem observation project by using new technologies such as intelligent interconnection of big data and Internet of Things, data fusion-mining and high-performance computing. This project aims to realize the integration of Chinas ecological observation research and global ecological observation research system, to find the changes in the Earth's life system at regional, national, and global scales, to diagnose the state of ecosystem functions and understand the mechanism of ecosystem processes, and to maintain and protect ecosystem functions, thereby serving the scientific and technological goals of sustainable development of human society.