变流器跟网-构网-经济间的矛盾三角关系

Enhancing the rapid dynamic response and active support capability of converters is an urgent need to ensure the safe and stable operation of new-type power systems. This paper investigates the variations and influencing factors of grid-following(GFL) and grid-forming(GFM) capabilities from the perspectives of converter tracking and immunity performance. It proposes quantification methods for GFL capability based on closed-loop control bandwidth and for GFM capability based on the closed-loop system sensitivity function. The "waterbed effect" is used to demonstrate the trade-off between tracking performance and immunity performance in converters, revealing that improving one capability (GFL or GFM) can deteriorate the other. Moreover, pursuing extreme GFL or GFM capability leads to non-linear increases in economic costs, severely affecting the economic viability of the converters. Thus, there is a conflicting triangular relationship between GFL capability, GFM capability, and economic costs. Balancing GFL and GFM capabilities within a single converter and exploring coordination mechanisms between multiple converters are economically feasible solutions for achieving efficient and stable operation of new-type power systems.