Mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission at a Large Public University
Mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission at a Large Public University
In the Fall of 2020, many universities saw extensive transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among their populations, threatening the health of students, faculty and staff, the viability of in-person instruction, and the health of surrounding communities.1, 2 Here we report that a multimodal “SHIELD: Target, Test, and Tell” program mitigated the spread of SARS-CoV-2 at a large public university, prevented community transmission, and allowed continuation of in-person classes amidst the pandemic. The program combines epidemiological modelling and surveillance (Target); fast and frequent testing using a novel and FDA Emergency Use Authorized low-cost and scalable saliva-based RT-qPCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 that bypasses RNA extraction, called covidSHIELD (Test); and digital tools that communicate test results, notify of potential exposures, and promote compliance with public health mandates (Tell). These elements were combined with masks, social distancing, and robust education efforts. In Fall 2020, we performed more than 1,000,000 covidSHIELD tests while keeping classrooms, laboratories, and many other university activities open. Generally, our case positivity rates remained less than 0.5%, we prevented transmission from our students to our faculty and staff, and data indicate that we had no spread in our classrooms or research laboratories. During this fall semester, we had zero COVID-19-related hospitalizations or deaths amongst our university community. We also prevented transmission from our university community to the surrounding Champaign County community. Our experience demonstrates that multimodal transmission mitigation programs can enable university communities to achieve such outcomes until widespread vaccination against COVID-19 is achieved, and provides a roadmap for how future pandemics can be addressed.
Christensen Hannah、Conte Madison、Moseley Jada、Edwards April、Gallagher Nicholas、Gastala Nicole、Genung Scott A.、Holterman Arianna A、Jasenof Ian、Healy Robert M.、Kiesel Teresa、Lipking Rhonda L.、Mayes Jade、McGuffin Reubin、McHenry Kenton G.、Mirza Agha、Parikh Nil A.、Brooke Christopher B.、Walsh Joseph T.、Goldenfeld Nigel D.、Ranoa Diana Rose E.、Holland Robin L.、Green Kelsie J.、Fredrickson Richard L.、Zhang Hantao、Liu Zhiru、Paul John M.、Vance Nickolas P.、Satheesan Sandeep Puthanveetil、Brackett Charles、Wagenecht Kraig、DeLorenzo Michael、Wilhelm-Barr Laura、Best-Popescu Catherine、Wetter Nathan、Kranz David M.、Simpson Charlie、Valera Enrique、Mwilambwe Lowa、Bryan Stephen P.、Lantz John、Moore Jeffrey S.、Snyder Gillian、Lore Michelle H.、Yocum Dustin L.、Banks Kayla M.、Black Jessica、Curry Michael、Eardley Jennifer、Eggett Therese、Foster Delaney、Hergenrother Paul J.、Burke Martin D.、Munoz Kathleen、Murray Arika D.、Pekosz Andrew、Pflugmacher Janna、Robinson Matthew L.、Simon Anna、Singson Jamie M.、Watkins Ronald S.、Killeen Timothy L.、Jones Robert J.、Cangellaris Andreas C.、Glueck Declan、Cohen Neal J.、Uelmen Johnny、Wong George N.、Bentea Iuliana、Gulick Joseph G.、Ward Wanda E.、Barnes Joseph D.、Ballard Randy L.、Fouke Bruce W.、Anton Patricia K.、Pryde Julie A.、Gray Brittani、Stech Mary、Busch Jeremy、Garg Mayank、Mumford Melody、Grohens Joseph、Sullivan William C.、Harris Chris、Steinman Julie D.、Kelly Patrick、Nelson Todd J.、White Karen C.、Mostafa Heba H.、Kaler Robin N.、Weiner Zachary J.、Dohrer Kirstin、Breitbarth Jessica、Loots Melanie J.、Miller Andrew、Vaid Awais、Smith Charlie、Bashir Rashid、Tyburski Erika A.、Martinis Susan A.、Vozenilek John A.、Watson Karriem、Cooper Julian C.、Maslov Sergei、Phillips Janise M.、Nolan Moira、Durack Gary、Pitts Collin、Wang Leyi、Quisenberry James、Johnson Mark、Alnaji Fadi G.、Wang Tong、Potter Mark C.、Hennessy P. Mark、Parker Robert C. Jr、Ismail Nahed、Stevens Mary P.、Rye Leslie N.、Conte Abigail、Fan Timothy M.、Vance Allison C.、Fenner Melvin R. Jr、Kielbasa Aaron、Band Mark、Novakofski Jan E.、Elbanna Ahmed、Stone Deborah S.、Santos Edward、Patel Sanjay J.、Rear Janelle、Manabe Yukari C.、Greta Andrew、Young Danita B.、Tkachenko Alexei V.、Vanwingerden Scott、Silotto Jodi L.、Rosillo Edith、Sherwood MaryEllen、Skelton Tina H.、Smith Rebecca L.、Thomas Ryan、Galvan Isaac J.、Brauer Brian R.、Hetrick Ashley、Vlach Evette、Skadden Carly、Kindle Lorenzo M.、Tomaszewski Matthew A.、Fleurimont Judes
Technology Services, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineIllinois Human Resources, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDivision of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthOffice of the Chief Info Officer, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignOffice of the Dean of Students, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignMile Square Health Center, University of Illinois HealthCarle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUniversity Health Services, University of Wisconsin-MadisonCarver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Intercollegiate Athletics, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignNational Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign||Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignOffice of the Vice President for Economic Development and Innovation, University of Illinois SystemCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign||Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign||Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignComputer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Physics, Stanford UniversityGrainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignTechnology Services, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignNational Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignOSF Healthcare, Peoria ILOffice of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignOffice of the Chancellor, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignOffice of the Chancellor, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignTekmillDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignGrainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignOffice of the Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignOffice of the Dean of Students, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignOffice of the Dean of Students, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign||Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignInterdisciplinary Health Sciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignInterdisciplinary Health Sciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignOffice for the Protection of Human Subjects, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIllinois Human Resources, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignIllinois Human Resources, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignCarle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDivision of Campus Recreation, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign||Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign||Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignMile Square Health Center, University of Illinois HealthIllinois Human Resources, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health||Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineUniversity Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineOffice of the Chancellor, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDivision of Student Affairs, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUniversity of Illinois System Office||Office of the President, University of Illinois SystemGies College of Business, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignOffice of the Chancellor, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignOffice of the Provost, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignIllinois Human Resources, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignInterdisciplinary Health Sciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoTechnology Services, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignOffice of the Chancellor, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignMile Square Health Center, University of Illinois HealthDepartment of Intercollegiate Athletics, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign||Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignHousing Division, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignChampaign-Urbana Public Health DistrictMile Square Health Center, University of Illinois HealthMcKinley Health Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Intercollegiate Athletics, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignMile Square Health Center, University of Illinois HealthDepartment of English, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignPublic Affairs, College of Media, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUniversity Health Services, University of Wisconsin-MadisonTechnology Services, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDivision of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicinePublic Affairs, College of Media, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignOffice of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaign-Urbana Public Health DistrictVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignGrainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignAtlanta Center for Microsystems Engineered Point-of-Care Technologies, Emory University School of Medicine||Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute for Electronics and NanotechnologyOffice of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignGrainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignMile Square Health Center, University of Illinois HealthBeckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign||Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignMcKinley Health Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignOffice of Corporate Relations, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignGrainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign||TekmillUniversity Health Services, University of Wisconsin-MadisonVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDivision of Student Affairs, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,Inabyte, NavatoMcKinley Health Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at ChicagoTechnology Services, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthCancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignPublic Affairs, College of Media, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignMcKinley Health Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignOffice of the Chancellor, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCollege of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIllinois Human Resources, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignOSF Healthcare, Peoria ILDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignOffice of the Vice President for Economic Development and Innovation, University of Illinois SystemW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthUniversity of Illinois System OfficeOffice of the Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs, University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignCenter for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National LaboratoryIT Service Delivery, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignPublic Affairs, College of Media, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignLibrary Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign||Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignOffice of the Chief Info Officer, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignTechnology Services, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIllinois Fire Service InstituteUniversity Health Services, University of Wisconsin-MadisonVeterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignCarle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignTechnology Services, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignOffice of the Provost, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignMile Square Health Center, University of Illinois Health
预防医学医学研究方法医药卫生理论
Christensen Hannah,Conte Madison,Moseley Jada,Edwards April,Gallagher Nicholas,Gastala Nicole,Genung Scott A.,Holterman Arianna A,Jasenof Ian,Healy Robert M.,Kiesel Teresa,Lipking Rhonda L.,Mayes Jade,McGuffin Reubin,McHenry Kenton G.,Mirza Agha,Parikh Nil A.,Brooke Christopher B.,Walsh Joseph T.,Goldenfeld Nigel D.,Ranoa Diana Rose E.,Holland Robin L.,Green Kelsie J.,Fredrickson Richard L.,Zhang Hantao,Liu Zhiru,Paul John M.,Vance Nickolas P.,Satheesan Sandeep Puthanveetil,Brackett Charles,Wagenecht Kraig,DeLorenzo Michael,Wilhelm-Barr Laura,Best-Popescu Catherine,Wetter Nathan,Kranz David M.,Simpson Charlie,Valera Enrique,Mwilambwe Lowa,Bryan Stephen P.,Lantz John,Moore Jeffrey S.,Snyder Gillian,Lore Michelle H.,Yocum Dustin L.,Banks Kayla M.,Black Jessica,Curry Michael,Eardley Jennifer,Eggett Therese,Foster Delaney,Hergenrother Paul J.,Burke Martin D.,Munoz Kathleen,Murray Arika D.,Pekosz Andrew,Pflugmacher Janna,Robinson Matthew L.,Simon Anna,Singson Jamie M.,Watkins Ronald S.,Killeen Timothy L.,Jones Robert J.,Cangellaris Andreas C.,Glueck Declan,Cohen Neal J.,Uelmen Johnny,Wong George N.,Bentea Iuliana,Gulick Joseph G.,Ward Wanda E.,Barnes Joseph D.,Ballard Randy L.,Fouke Bruce W.,Anton Patricia K.,Pryde Julie A.,Gray Brittani,Stech Mary,Busch Jeremy,Garg Mayank,Mumford Melody,Grohens Joseph,Sullivan William C.,Harris Chris,Steinman Julie D.,Kelly Patrick,Nelson Todd J.,White Karen C.,Mostafa Heba H.,Kaler Robin N.,Weiner Zachary J.,Dohrer Kirstin,Breitbarth Jessica,Loots Melanie J.,Miller Andrew,Vaid Awais,Smith Charlie,Bashir Rashid,Tyburski Erika A.,Martinis Susan A.,Vozenilek John A.,Watson Karriem,Cooper Julian C.,Maslov Sergei,Phillips Janise M.,Nolan Moira,Durack Gary,Pitts Collin,Wang Leyi,Quisenberry James,Johnson Mark,Alnaji Fadi G.,Wang Tong,Potter Mark C.,Hennessy P. Mark,Parker Robert C. Jr,Ismail Nahed,Stevens Mary P.,Rye Leslie N.,Conte Abigail,Fan Timothy M.,Vance Allison C.,Fenner Melvin R. Jr,Kielbasa Aaron,Band Mark,Novakofski Jan E.,Elbanna Ahmed,Stone Deborah S.,Santos Edward,Patel Sanjay J.,Rear Janelle,Manabe Yukari C.,Greta Andrew,Young Danita B.,Tkachenko Alexei V.,Vanwingerden Scott,Silotto Jodi L.,Rosillo Edith,Sherwood MaryEllen,Skelton Tina H.,Smith Rebecca L.,Thomas Ryan,Galvan Isaac J.,Brauer Brian R.,Hetrick Ashley,Vlach Evette,Skadden Carly,Kindle Lorenzo M.,Tomaszewski Matthew A.,Fleurimont Judes.Mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission at a Large Public University[EB/OL].(2025-03-28)[2025-05-11].https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.03.21261548.点此复制
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