Structural and functional insights into the type III-E CRISPR-Cas immunity

The type III-E CRISPR-Cas system comprises a Cas effector (gRAMP), a TPR-CHAT and several ancillary proteins. However, both the structural features of gRAMP and the immunity mechanism remain unknown for this system. Here, we report a series of structures of gRAMP-crRNA, either its alone or in complex with target RNA or TPR-CHAT (called Craspase), and Craspase complexed with cognate (CTR) or non-cognate target RNA (NTR). Importantly, the 3' anti-tag region of NTR and CTR bind at two distinct channels in the Craspase, and CTR with a non-complementary 3' anti-tag induces a marked conformational change of the TPR-CHAT, which allosterically activates its protease activity to cleave an ancillary protein Csx30. This cleavage then triggers an abortive infection as the antiviral strategy of the type III-E system. Together, our study provides crucial insights into both the catalytic mechanism of the gRAMP and the immunity mechanism of the type III-E CRISPR-Cas system.