植物防御系统及其应对植食性动物防御措施浅析

Plants have evolved multi-dimensional defense systems to combat biotic and abiotic stresses during sessile growth. These mechanisms serve as key models for studying ecological adaptation. This review systematically analyzed constitutive and induced defense strategies in plants, along with their co-evolutionary dynamics. It focused on chemical diversity, molecular recognition systems, and resource allocation patterns. Secondary metabolites, such as terpenoids and alkaloids, are utilized by plants for direct chemical defense, while the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) serves as Analysis of Plant Defense Systems and Defense Mechanisms Against Herbivoresan indirect defense mechanism by attracting natural enemies. Metabolic plasticity optimizes resource allocation through a growth-defense trade-off model, balancing defense synthesis with growth needs. Studies have revealed that a plant-herbivore "arms race" serves as a driver of molecular innovation in secondary metabolites and herbivore detoxification adaptations, thereby forming dynamic co-evolutionary networks. Plant defense systems demonstrate a high degree of complexity at multiple levels, influenced by spatiotemporal characteristics (constitutive/induced) and functional modes (direct/indirect). This review offers a theoretical framework for understanding plant environmental adaptation and ecological interactions, providing insights for stress-resistant crop design.