昼夜节律综合征和代谢综合征对主、客观认知功能的影响：基于平阴队列的横断面研究

BackgroundCurrent studies on the association between metabolic syndromeMetS and cognitive function remain inconsistentand research exploring circadian rhythm syndromeCircS and subjective cognitive function is lacking. ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of CircS and MetS on both subjective and objective cognitive functionsproviding theoretical support for the early prevention and intervention of cognitive decline and dementia. MethodsLaunched in July 2023 in Pingyin CountyShandong Provincethe Pingyin Cohort Study employed a multi-stage cluster random sampling methodselecting seven villages from three towns as the study sample and targeting permanent residents aged 45-70 years as the research population. MetS was defined by harmonized criteriawhile CircS included MetS components combined with short sleep duration and depression. Multivariate linear regression models were used to analyze the associations of CircS and MetS with subjective and objective cognitive scoreswhile multivariate Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate their effects on abnormalities in these scores. ResultsA total of 2 187 people were surveyed at baseline and 2 165 valid samples were obtained. This study utilized baseline survey dataexcluding individuals with missing CircS diagnostic data and covariatesresulting in a final inclusion of 1 939 participants. The prevalence of MetS and CircS was 48.2%934/1 939 and 31.5%611/1 939respectively. Specifically35618.4% had MetS alone331.7% had CircS aloneand 57829.8%had both. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed thatcompared with healthy individualswomen with MetS alone had lower SCD-Q9 scores=-0.48795%CI=-0.875 to -0.099whereas men with MetS alone had higher MoCA-B scores=1.09795%CI=0.261-1.934. In contrastthe overall population with CircS alone had elevated SCD-Q9 scores =1.64395%CI=0.765-2.521and men with CircS alone displayed markedly reduced MoCA-B scores=-3.64495%CI=-6.323 to -0.965. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated thatcompared to healthy individualsmen and women with CircS alone exhibited 10.46-fold95%CI=1.87-196.20and 5.11-fold95%CI=1.85-18.03higher odds of abnormal SCD-Q9 scoresrespectivelywhereas those with MetS alone showed lower risksmenOR=0.6295%CI=0.40-0.97womenOR=0.6595%CI=0.47-0.91. Short sleep duration was associated with abnormal SCD-Q9 scoresOR=1.7995%CI=1.44-2.22while depressive symptoms were linked to both abnormal SCD-Q9 scoresOR=4.7595%CI=3.41-6.72 and MoCA-B scoresOR=1.4895%CI=1.06-2.08. ConclusionPatients with CircS demonstrate significant cognitive impairmentwhile MetS patients without short sleep or depression exhibit better cognitive function. CircS may serve as a robust predictor of subjective cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly Chinese populations.