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A Recursive Block Pillar Structure in the Kolakoski Sequence K(1,3)

A Recursive Block Pillar Structure in the Kolakoski Sequence K(1,3)

来源:Arxiv_logoArxiv
英文摘要

The Kolakoski sequence K(1,3) over {1, 3} is known to be structured, unlike K(1,2), with symbol frequency d approx. 0.397 linked to the Pisot number alpha (real root of x^3 - 2x^2 - 1 = 0). We reveal an explicit nested recursion defining block sequences B(n) and pillar sequences P(n) via B(n+1) = B(n) P(n) B(n) and P(n+1) = G(R(P(n)), 3), where G generates runs from vector R(P(n)). We prove B(n) are prefixes of K(1,3) converging to it, and B(n+1) = G(R(B(n)), 1), directly reflecting the Kolakoski self-encoding property. We derive recurrences for lengths |B(n)|, |P(n)| and symbol counts, confirming growth governed by alpha (limit |B(n+1)|/|B(n)| = alpha as n -> infinity). If block/pillar densities converge, they must equal d. This constructive framework provides an alternative perspective on K(1,3)'s regularity, consistent with known results from substitution dynamics.

William Cook

数学

William Cook.A Recursive Block Pillar Structure in the Kolakoski Sequence K(1,3)[EB/OL].(2025-04-17)[2025-05-22].https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.13433.点此复制

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