新冠病毒药物研发策略与挑战

he persistent pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 and its high mutation rate pose significant challenges to global public health, necessitating multidimensional drug development strategies to address viral evolution and clinical demands. This review systematically summarizes critical research directions in COVID-19 therapeutics, including direct-acting antivirals, immunomodulatory therapies, neutralizing antibodies, and repurposing of traditional medicines. While current therapeutics have demonstrated clinical benefits in shortening disease course and reducing severe outcomes, they still face challenges such as drug-resistant mutations, safety concerns with host-targeted therapies, and limitations in administration routes. The study further explores future development priorities: designing broad-spectrum antivirals targeting conserved viral epitopes, optimizing drug delivery systems, enabling precision immune interventions through biomarker identification, and harnessing synergistic potential from natural products and drug repurposing strategies. By integrating cutting-edge research progress with clinical practice insights, this review provides theoretical foundations and strategic references for countering viral evolution while enhancing therapeutic efficacy and accessibility.