Oncolytic mechanisms and immunotherapeutic potential of Newcastle
disease virus in cancer therapy
Umar Ahmad Surializa Harun Moussa Moise Diagne Syahril Abdullah Khatijah Yusoff Abhi Veerakumarasivam
作者信息
Abstract
Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), classified as Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (avian
paramyxovirus type 1), is a promising oncolytic agent that selectively targets
and destroys cancer cells while sparing normal tissues. Its oncoselectivity
exploits cancer-specific defects in antiviral defenses, particularly impaired
Type I interferon signaling, and dysregulated apoptotic pathways, enabling
robust viral replication and cytotoxicity in malignancies such as breast,
colorectal, and melanoma. NDV induces intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis through
caspase activation and triggers immunogenic cell death via damage-associated
molecular patterns, stimulating potent antitumours immune responses.
Additionally, NDVs potential as a vaccine vector, expressing tumours-associated
antigens, offers prospects for prophylactic and therapeutic cancer
applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of NDVs morphology,
classification, and molecular biology, focusing on its viral entry and
replication mechanisms in host cells. It explores NDVs interactions with cancer
cells, emphasizing its ability to induce cytotoxicity and immune activation.
Understanding these mechanisms is critical for optimizing NDVs oncolytic
potential and advancing its clinical translation. Future directions include
enhancing NDV through genetic engineering, combining it with therapies like
immune checkpoint inhibitors, and developing personalized medicine approaches
tailored to tumours genomic profiles. These advancements position NDV as a
versatile therapeutic agent in oncolytic virotherapy.引用本文复制引用
Umar Ahmad,Surializa Harun,Moussa Moise Diagne,Syahril Abdullah,Khatijah Yusoff,Abhi Veerakumarasivam.Oncolytic mechanisms and immunotherapeutic potential of Newcastle
disease virus in cancer therapy[EB/OL].(2025-05-09)[2025-12-23].https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06067.学科分类
分子生物学/生物工程学/生物科学研究方法、生物科学研究技术
评论