Principles of Quantum Mechanics from Statistical Constraints: Quantization, Indeterminacy, and the Incompatibility of Hidden-Parameter Theories

We argue that the existence of thermal phenomena, together with thephenomena of particle creation and annihilation, imposes fundamentalconstraints on the dynamics of physical systems. Specifically, thepresence of these phenomena jointly requires that a finite systemcan only have a finite number of microscopic physical states,which naturally leads to the necessity of a quantization framework and an inherently probabilistic dynamic structure.We show that deterministic hidden-parameter theories, suchas Bohmian mechanics, are incompatible with these requirements.Furthermore, we briefly explore why the gravitational wave fieldis more likely to be quantum in nature rather than classical.