MAIT细胞在抗菌素耐药性中的作用：揭示其在耐药感染控制中的关键机制

ntimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become an important global health threat, because the efficacy of traditional antibiotics is diminishing due to the increased evolution of resistant pathogens. Although the development of novel antibiotics is vital, the immune system of humans also plays a key role in clearing bacterial populations. In this review, we explore the important role of mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells), which are unique subset of immune cells and they can connect the innate and adaptive immune systems to combat AMR infections. Further, we suggest that MAIT cells play a critical role in countering multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria by directly killing the resistant bacteria and modulate immune responses. MAIT cells can recognize conserved microbial metabolites, and can overcome resistance mechanisms in bacteria, including the mechanisms which render available antibiotics ineffective. Moreover, we discuss the possibility of enhancing MAIT cell function as a novel therapeutic strategy, mostly for immunocompromised and high-risk populations, and the prospects of combining MAIT cell-based treatments with existing antibiotics for higher efficacy.