运动方式对超重或肥胖儿童青少年执行功能改善效果的网状Meta分析

BackgroundOverweight or obese children and adolescents have been shown to exhibit executive function deficits when compared to healthy populations with normal body mass. These deficits may serve to exacerbate existing overweight or obesity andin some casesmay serve to predispose the individual to the development of other diseases. A growing body of research has demonstrated that exercise can positively impact executive functionhoweverthe specific benefits and drawbacks of different exercise modalities require further investigation. ObjectiveAn exploration of the exercise modalities that have been found to be most effective in improving executive function in children and adolescents who are overweight or obese is warranted. MethodsA comprehensive search of the China KnowledgeWanfang Data Knowledge Service PlatformCochrane LibraryPubMedEmbaseand Web of Science databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions for executive function in adolescents and young adults with overweight or obesity. This search was conducted from database construction to October 2024. The literature was screened and the data was extracted by two independent researchers. A network meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.4 and Stata 18.0 software to compare the differences between exercise modalities as well as to calculate and rank cumulative probability ranked area under the curveSUCRAvalues. The standardized mean differenceSMDand its 95% confidence intervalCIwere used as an effect indicator. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used for risk of bias assessmentand Egger's test was used for publication bias analysis. ResultsA total of 10 papers in English and Chinese were includedencompassing 675 overweight or obese children and adolescentsaged 8 to 15 years oldwith outcome indicators of inhibitory controlworking memoryand cognitive flexibility. With respect to the enhancement of inhibitory controlsports gamesSMD=-1.7595%CI=-2.83 to -0.68P<0.05ball gamesSMD=-1.9395%CI=-3.87 to -0.10P<0.05and physical trainingSMD=-1.2095%CI=-2.40 to -0.05P<0.05all significantly increased the level of inhibitory control in overweight or obese children and adolescentswith ball sports having the largest SUCRA value and being ranked first. In terms of enhancing working memoryball sports demonstrated superiority over physical trainingSMD=-1.0295%CI=-1.68 to -0.36P<0.05. Similarlyin the context of promoting cognitive flexibilityball sports exhibited greater efficacy in comparison to physical trainingSMD=-1.2295%CI=-1.90 to -0.54P<0.05. ConclusionA comparison of ball games with other exercise modalities has demonstrated that the former is superior in improving executive function in overweight or obese children and adolescents. A comprehensive consideration of the synergistic integration of ball games with intensityperiodizationfrequencyand volume is imperative during practice interventions. Further evidence is necessary to develop more accurate and efficient exercise prescriptions for overweight or obese children and adolescents.