中国儿童青少年近视患病率及影响因素的Meta分析

BackgroundMyopia is a refractive errorand in recent yearsthe prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents has remained high and has shown a tendency to be at a younger ageposing a great threat to the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. Currentlythere are few systematic studies on myopia and risk factors in children and adolescents. ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia among children and adolescents in China using Meta-analysis. MethodsA combination of Mesh subject terms and free terms was used to search for information on the prevalence of myopia in the databases of Web of SciencePubMedCochrane LibraryChina Knowledge NetworkCNKIWanfang DataWipo Chinese Journal Full Text DatabaseVIPand China Biomedical Literature Service SystemSinoMed. Databases were searched for studies on the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia up to November 2024. The inclusion of studies was determined by consultation after independent screening by 2 investigatorsand the studies were assessed for literature quality using the Agency for Healthcare Research and QualityAHRQevaluation criteriaand Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 18.0 software. ResultsA total of 33 papers were includedwith 768 813 cases of myopia. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents in China was 58%95%CI=54%-62%with the prevalence of myopia among femalesOR=1.4195%CI=1.21-1.64high schoolOR=3.5995%CI=1.17-10.97and grades OR=1.5395%CI=1.33-1.77urbanOR=2.1295%CI=1.29-3.48one or both parents myopicOR=1.8895%CI=1.78-1.99overweight or obeseOR=1.7495%CI=1.63-1.85and incorrect reading and writing postureOR=1.3595%CI=1.14-1.60reading books or electronic screens while lying down or lying on their stomachsOR=1.1795%CI=1.03-1.33terminal video screen use >2 h per dayOR=1.2995%CI=1.15-1.44and of outdoor activity <2 h per dayOR=1.4195%CI=1.10-1.80average daily sleep time 8 hOR=1.7195%CI=1.28-2.30and attending cultural tutorial classes for 2 h in the past weekOR=1.2795%CI=1.12-1.42were the risk factors for myopia in children and adolescentsP<0.05doing eye exercisesOR=0.7995%CI=0.64-0.98preferring vegetables and fruitsOR=0.8495%CI=0.76-0.92and having outdoor activities during recessOR=0.7595%CI=0.74-0.77were protective factors for myopia in children and adolescentsP<0.05. ConclusionThe prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents in China is highand gender school segmentplace of residencefamily history of myopiaobesityeye habits and conditionssleep timeand insufficient outdoor activities are the main risk factors for myopia among children and adolescentswhich should be improved to increase the attention to myopia among children and adolescentsand to provide early identification of myopia and intervention for children and adolescentsso as to reduce the prevalence of myopia and improve the quality of life of children with myopia.