基于质心参照系的物理理论III.粒子统计学原理

In the barycenter frame of reference, the motion of a real (elastic) particle consists of three modes: translational, rotational, and vibrational. The three modes of energy of a thermodynamic system form a vector space, and the macroscopic state of the system is expressed by the vectors in the energy space. The equilibrium state principle proposed in this paper generalizes and extends the classical laws of thermodynamics, thus bringing statistical physics into a unified axiomatic system. The relationship between the order degree and the interaction is found by describing the microscopic states of the system through the particle distribution vector. A complete set of the thermodynamic functions, the state equations, and the differential equations is derived with the help of particle statistics at two structural levels. The connection between the entropy and the association degree is established by defining the thermal entropy with the state function of thermal energy. The physical mechanism and properties of the phase transition are elucidated based on the structural analysis of the energy space. The results show that the real-particle statistical theory based on the barycenter reference frame reveals the universal laws of thermodynamic systems.