阻断范式中时间结构线索对预测运动的影响

he capacity to precisely estimate the arrival time of a moving object at a designated point plays a crucial role in numerous daily activities, including catching a thrown ball or avoiding obstacles during driving. This process, referred to as a prediction motion (PM) task, requires estimating the moment at which a moving stimulus reaches a specific target. The present research explores the influence of time structure on performance within the interruption paradigm of PM tasks, focusing on the effect of timing patterns on the accuracy of motion prediction.Experiment 1 employed a continuous test to explore the influence of time structure on performance in PM tasks. 25 university students participated in a task where a blue square moved from an initial location toward a target, became temporarily hidden at an interception point, and then reappeared at the designated target. Participants were instructed to determine whether the square arrived earlier or later than expected. Findings indicated that task accuracy significantly improved under a uniform time structure (T = 1.0) compared to variable structures (T 1.0). These results imply that a stable time structure provides a reliable reference, enhancing the precision of motion prediction.Experiment 2 was designed to separate the effect of visual speed on PM task performance by incorporating a flicker condition, wherein the moving stimulus became occluded before reaching the interception point. This setup eliminated access to visual speed cues, allowing for an examination of the predictive role of time structure alone. Results were consistent with those of Experiment 1, demonstrating that a stable time structure enhanced task accuracy even when visual speed data was unavailable. These outcomes indicate the significant influence of time structure on PM task performance, regardless of the availability of visual speed information.Experiment 3 extended the investigation into the stability of the time structure effect by implementing random interference conditions. In this setup, the moving stimulus flickered unpredictably between the starting point and the interception point, thereby interrupting the formation of a stable time structure. Despite these disruptions, findings revealed that performance remained superior under a consistent time structure (T = 1.0), demonstrating the stability of this effect. These results indicate that, even in the presence of distractions or irregularities, the regularity of time structure continues to play a critical role in enhancing predictive accuracy.In summary, the three experiments presented in this study consistently revealed that maintaining a uniform time structure enhances performance in prediction motion tasks. This improvement is robust across varying experimental conditions, demonstrating a notable level of stability. The results provide empirical evidence for the influence of cognitive processes in such tasks, indicating that individuals may rely on temporal rhythm to form expectations and improve accuracy. Further neuroimaging investigations may help uncover the neural processes involved, exploring how the brain incorporates temporal cues to anticipate motion and regulate behavior.