Origin of the ring ellipticity in the black hole images of M87*
Origin of the ring ellipticity in the black hole images of M87*
We investigate the origin of the elliptical ring structure observed in the images of the supermassive black hole M87*, aiming to disentangle contributions from gravitational, astrophysical, and imaging effects. Leveraging the enhanced capabilities of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 2018 array, including improved $(u,v)$-coverage from the Greenland Telescope, we measure the ring's ellipticity using five independent imaging methods, obtaining a consistent average value of $\tau = 0.08_{-0.02}^{+0.03}$ with a position angle $\xi = 50.1_{-7.6}^{+6.2}$ degrees. To interpret this measurement, we compare against General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations spanning a wide range of physical parameters including thermal or non-thermal electron distribution function, spins, and ion-to-electron temperature ratios in both low and high-density regions. We find no statistically significant correlation between spin and ellipticity in GRMHD images. Instead, we identify a correlation between ellipticity and the fraction of non-ring emission, particularly in non-thermal models and models with higher jet emission. These results indicate that the ellipticity measured from the \m87 emission structure is consistent with that expected from simulations of turbulent accretion flows around black holes, where it is dominated by astrophysical effects rather than gravitational ones. Future high-resolution imaging, including space very long baseline interferometry and long-term monitoring, will be essential to isolate gravitational signatures from astrophysical effects.
Noemi La Bella、Sang-Sung Lee、Aviad Levis、Zhiyuan Li、Rocco Lico、Greg Lindahl、Michael Lindqvist、Mikhail Lisakov、Jun Liu、Kuo Liu、Elisabetta Liuzzo、Wen-Ping Lo、Andrei P. Lobanov、Laurent Loinard、Colin J. Lonsdale、Amy E. Lowitz、Ru-Sen Lu、Nicholas R. MacDonald、Jirong Mao、Nicola Marchili、Sera Markoff、Daniel P. Marrone、Alan P. Marscher、Iván Martí-Vidal、Satoki Matsushita、Lynn D. Matthews、Lia Medeiros、Karl M. Menten、Izumi Mizuno、Yosuke Mizuno、Joshua Montgomery、James M. Moran、Monika Moscibrodzka、Wanga Mulaudzi、Cornelia Müller、Hendrik Müller、Alejandro Mus、Gibwa Musoke、Ioannis Myserlis、Hiroshi Nagai、Neil M. Nagar、Dhanya G. Nair、Masanori Nakamura、Gopal Narayanan、Antonios Nathanail、Santiago Navarro Fuentes、Vincent Piétu、Eduardo Ros、Nimesh Patel、Arash Roshanineshat、Angelo Ricarte、Bart Ripperda、Oliver Porth、Jan R?der、Freek Roelofs、Cristina Romero-Ca?izales、Zhiqiang Shen、Salvador Sánchez、Luciano Rezzolla、Ben Prather、Dominic W. Pesce、Kaushik Satapathy、Joshua S. Stanway、Ue-Li Pen、Kazi L. J. Rygl、Tuomas Savolainen、Helge Rottmann、Giacomo Principe、Harriet Parsons、Des Small、Bong Won Sohn、Ai-Ling Zeng、J. Anton Zensus、Alan L. Roy、Michael F. Wondrak、André Young、Jonathan Schonfeld、Jason SooHoo、Kamal Souccar、Rohan Dahale、Ilje Cho、Kotaro Moriyama、Kaj Wiik、Paul Tiede、José L. Gómez、Chi-kwan Chan、Roman Gold、Vadim Y. Bernshteyn、Marianna Foschi、Britton Jeter、Hung-Yi Pu、Boris Georgiev、Abhishek V. Joshi、Alejandro Cruz-Osorio、Aleksandar PopStefanija、Fumie Tazaki、Kenji Toma、Pablo Torne、F. Peter Schloerb、Shuo Zhang、Guang-Yao Zhao、Shan-Shan Zhao、Iniyan Natarajan、Avery E. Broderick、León D. S. Salas、Koushik Chatterjee、Kazunori Akiyama、Ezequiel Albentosa-Ruíz、Antxon Alberdi、Walter Alef、Juan Carlos Algaba、Richard Anantua、Keiichi Asada、Rebecca Azulay、Uwe Bach、Anne-Kathrin Baczko、David Ball、Mislav Balokovi?、Bidisha Bandyopadhyay、John Barrett、Michi Baub?ck、Bradford A. Benson、Dan Bintley、Lindy Blackburn、Raymond Blundell、Katherine L. Bouman、Geoffrey C. Bower、Michael Bremer、Roger Brissenden、Silke Britzen、Dominique Broguiere、Thomas Bronzwaer、Sandra Bustamante、Douglas Ferreira Carlos、He Sun、Karl-Friedrich Schuster、Lijing Shao、Teresa Toscano、Efthalia Traianou、Tyler Trent、Sascha Trippe、Qingwen Wu、Nitika Yadlapalli、Paul Yamaguchi、Aristomenis Yfantis、Doosoo Yoon、Matthew Turk、Derek Ward-Thompson、John Wardle、Jasmin E. Washington、Jonathan Weintroub、Robert Wharton、Maciek Wielgus、Gunther Witzel、George N. Wong、Alexandra J. Tetarenko、Remo P. J. Tilanus、Michael Titus、Sasikumar Silpa、Joey Neilsen、Chunchong Ni、Michael A. Nowak、Junghwan Oh、Hiroki Okino、Héctor Raúl Olivares Sánchez、Tomoaki Oyama、Feryal ?zel、Daniel C. M. Palumbo、Georgios Filippos Paraschos、Jongho Park、Dimitrios Psaltis、Venkatessh Ramakrishnan、Ramprasad Rao、Mark G. Rawlings、Ignacio Ruiz、Chet Ruszczyk、David Sánchez-Argüelles、Miguel Sánchez-Portal、Mahito Sasada、Saurabh、Ilse van Bemmel、John E. Carlstrom、Andrew Chael、Dominic O. Chang、Shami Chatterjee、Ming-Tang Chen、Yongjun Chen、Xiaopeng Cheng、Pierre Christian、Nicholas S. Conroy、John E. Conway、Thomas M. Crawford、Geoffrey B. Crew、Yuzhu Cui、Brandon Curd、Jordy Davelaar、Mariafelicia De Laurentis、Roger Deane、Jessica Dempsey、Gregory Desvignes、Jason Dexter、Vedant Dhruv、Indu K. Dihingia、Sheperd S. Doeleman、Sergio A. Dzib、Ralph P. Eatough、Razieh Emami、Heino Falcke、Joseph Farah、Vincent L. Fish、Edward Fomalont、H. Alyson Ford、Raquel Fraga-Encinas、William T. Freeman、Per Friberg、Christian M. Fromm、Antonio Fuentes、Peter Galison、Charles F. Gammie、Roberto García、Olivier Gentaz、Gertie Geertsema、Ciriaco Goddi、Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz、Minfeng Gu、Mark Gurwell、Kazuhiro Hada、Daryl Haggard、Ronald Hesper、Dirk Heumann、Luis C. Ho、Paul Ho、Mareki Honma、Chih-Wei L. Huang、Lei Huang、David H. Hughes、Shiro Ikeda、C. M. Violette Impellizzeri、Makoto Inoue、Sara Issaoun、David J. James、Buell T. Jannuzi、Michael Janssen、Wu Jiang、Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales、Michael D. Johnson、Svetlana Jorstad、Adam C. Jones、Taehyun Jung、Ramesh Karuppusamy、Tomohisa Kawashima、Garrett K. Keating、Mark Kettenis、Dong-Jin Kim、Jae-Young Kim、Jongsoo Kim、Junhan Kim、Motoki Kino、Jun Yi Koay、Prashant Kocherlakota、Yutaro Kofuji、Patrick M. Koch、Shoko Koyama、Carsten Kramer、Joana A. Kramer、Michael Kramer、Thomas P. Krichbaum、Cheng-Yu Kuo、Huib Jan van Langevelde、Daniel R. van Rossum、Jesse Vos、Jan Wagner、Ziri Younsi、Wei Yu、Feng Yuan、Ye-Fei Yuan
天文学
Noemi La Bella,Sang-Sung Lee,Aviad Levis,Zhiyuan Li,Rocco Lico,Greg Lindahl,Michael Lindqvist,Mikhail Lisakov,Jun Liu,Kuo Liu,Elisabetta Liuzzo,Wen-Ping Lo,Andrei P. Lobanov,Laurent Loinard,Colin J. Lonsdale,Amy E. Lowitz,Ru-Sen Lu,Nicholas R. MacDonald,Jirong Mao,Nicola Marchili,Sera Markoff,Daniel P. Marrone,Alan P. Marscher,Iván Martí-Vidal,Satoki Matsushita,Lynn D. Matthews,Lia Medeiros,Karl M. Menten,Izumi Mizuno,Yosuke Mizuno,Joshua Montgomery,James M. Moran,Monika Moscibrodzka,Wanga Mulaudzi,Cornelia Müller,Hendrik Müller,Alejandro Mus,Gibwa Musoke,Ioannis Myserlis,Hiroshi Nagai,Neil M. Nagar,Dhanya G. Nair,Masanori Nakamura,Gopal Narayanan,Antonios Nathanail,Santiago Navarro Fuentes,Vincent Piétu,Eduardo Ros,Nimesh Patel,Arash Roshanineshat,Angelo Ricarte,Bart Ripperda,Oliver Porth,Jan R?der,Freek Roelofs,Cristina Romero-Ca?izales,Zhiqiang Shen,Salvador Sánchez,Luciano Rezzolla,Ben Prather,Dominic W. Pesce,Kaushik Satapathy,Joshua S. Stanway,Ue-Li Pen,Kazi L. J. Rygl,Tuomas Savolainen,Helge Rottmann,Giacomo Principe,Harriet Parsons,Des Small,Bong Won Sohn,Ai-Ling Zeng,J. Anton Zensus,Alan L. Roy,Michael F. Wondrak,André Young,Jonathan Schonfeld,Jason SooHoo,Kamal Souccar,Rohan Dahale,Ilje Cho,Kotaro Moriyama,Kaj Wiik,Paul Tiede,José L. Gómez,Chi-kwan Chan,Roman Gold,Vadim Y. Bernshteyn,Marianna Foschi,Britton Jeter,Hung-Yi Pu,Boris Georgiev,Abhishek V. Joshi,Alejandro Cruz-Osorio,Aleksandar PopStefanija,Fumie Tazaki,Kenji Toma,Pablo Torne,F. Peter Schloerb,Shuo Zhang,Guang-Yao Zhao,Shan-Shan Zhao,Iniyan Natarajan,Avery E. Broderick,León D. S. Salas,Koushik Chatterjee,Kazunori Akiyama,Ezequiel Albentosa-Ruíz,Antxon Alberdi,Walter Alef,Juan Carlos Algaba,Richard Anantua,Keiichi Asada,Rebecca Azulay,Uwe Bach,Anne-Kathrin Baczko,David Ball,Mislav Balokovi?,Bidisha Bandyopadhyay,John Barrett,Michi Baub?ck,Bradford A. Benson,Dan Bintley,Lindy Blackburn,Raymond Blundell,Katherine L. Bouman,Geoffrey C. Bower,Michael Bremer,Roger Brissenden,Silke Britzen,Dominique Broguiere,Thomas Bronzwaer,Sandra Bustamante,Douglas Ferreira Carlos,He Sun,Karl-Friedrich Schuster,Lijing Shao,Teresa Toscano,Efthalia Traianou,Tyler Trent,Sascha Trippe,Qingwen Wu,Nitika Yadlapalli,Paul Yamaguchi,Aristomenis Yfantis,Doosoo Yoon,Matthew Turk,Derek Ward-Thompson,John Wardle,Jasmin E. Washington,Jonathan Weintroub,Robert Wharton,Maciek Wielgus,Gunther Witzel,George N. Wong,Alexandra J. Tetarenko,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Michael Titus,Sasikumar Silpa,Joey Neilsen,Chunchong Ni,Michael A. Nowak,Junghwan Oh,Hiroki Okino,Héctor Raúl Olivares Sánchez,Tomoaki Oyama,Feryal ?zel,Daniel C. M. Palumbo,Georgios Filippos Paraschos,Jongho Park,Dimitrios Psaltis,Venkatessh Ramakrishnan,Ramprasad Rao,Mark G. Rawlings,Ignacio Ruiz,Chet Ruszczyk,David Sánchez-Argüelles,Miguel Sánchez-Portal,Mahito Sasada,Saurabh,Ilse van Bemmel,John E. Carlstrom,Andrew Chael,Dominic O. Chang,Shami Chatterjee,Ming-Tang Chen,Yongjun Chen,Xiaopeng Cheng,Pierre Christian,Nicholas S. Conroy,John E. Conway,Thomas M. Crawford,Geoffrey B. Crew,Yuzhu Cui,Brandon Curd,Jordy Davelaar,Mariafelicia De Laurentis,Roger Deane,Jessica Dempsey,Gregory Desvignes,Jason Dexter,Vedant Dhruv,Indu K. Dihingia,Sheperd S. Doeleman,Sergio A. Dzib,Ralph P. Eatough,Razieh Emami,Heino Falcke,Joseph Farah,Vincent L. Fish,Edward Fomalont,H. Alyson Ford,Raquel Fraga-Encinas,William T. Freeman,Per Friberg,Christian M. Fromm,Antonio Fuentes,Peter Galison,Charles F. Gammie,Roberto García,Olivier Gentaz,Gertie Geertsema,Ciriaco Goddi,Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz,Minfeng Gu,Mark Gurwell,Kazuhiro Hada,Daryl Haggard,Ronald Hesper,Dirk Heumann,Luis C. Ho,Paul Ho,Mareki Honma,Chih-Wei L. Huang,Lei Huang,David H. Hughes,Shiro Ikeda,C. M. Violette Impellizzeri,Makoto Inoue,Sara Issaoun,David J. James,Buell T. Jannuzi,Michael Janssen,Wu Jiang,Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales,Michael D. Johnson,Svetlana Jorstad,Adam C. Jones,Taehyun Jung,Ramesh Karuppusamy,Tomohisa Kawashima,Garrett K. Keating,Mark Kettenis,Dong-Jin Kim,Jae-Young Kim,Jongsoo Kim,Junhan Kim,Motoki Kino,Jun Yi Koay,Prashant Kocherlakota,Yutaro Kofuji,Patrick M. Koch,Shoko Koyama,Carsten Kramer,Joana A. Kramer,Michael Kramer,Thomas P. Krichbaum,Cheng-Yu Kuo,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Daniel R. van Rossum,Jesse Vos,Jan Wagner,Ziri Younsi,Wei Yu,Feng Yuan,Ye-Fei Yuan.Origin of the ring ellipticity in the black hole images of M87*[EB/OL].(2025-05-15)[2025-06-30].https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10333.点此复制
评论