电化学方法在金属资源循环利用过程的应用研究

In recent years, with the continuous growth in global consumption of critical metals, the risks associated with resource supply have significantly increased. Recycling valuable metals from secondary resources containing metals can effectively alleviate supply pressures and reduce environmental pollution risks, attracting widespread attention worldwide. However, the currently industrialized metal recycling methods, which generally draw on primary mineral metal extraction technologies, suffer from issues such as long recovery processes, high material and energy consumption, and significant secondary pollution. There is an urgent need to develop green and efficient new recycling technologies. Electrochemical technologies, due to their green energy, high efficiency, and energy-saving advantages, are considered a crucial direction for the development of green technologies and have been widely researched in the field of metal resource recycling. This paper focuses on the application of electrochemical methods in the recycling of urban mining resources, such as retired lithium-ion batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries. Based on the differences in electrochemical reaction pathways, the paper reviews the progress in three major electrochemical recycling technologies: electrochemical-enhanced leaching, electrochemical separation, and paired/decoupled electrolysis. The review covers aspects such as methods, mechanisms, and applications. Key discussions include the reaction pathways, active species, and decoupling mechanisms in electrochemical technologies. Finally, based on the current research status, strategies are proposed to address the development directions and potential challenges of electrochemical technologies, and future application scenarios are also discussed.