安徽省育龄女性生育意愿及其影响因素的混合性研究

BackgroundReduced fertility intention is an important prerequisite for fertility declineand exploring its influencing factors is of great significance in promoting the long-term balanced development of the populationwhereas most of the existing researches are confined to quantitative analysis and lacks exploration at the subjective level. ObjectiveUnder the background of the three-child policyto explore the influencing factors of the intention of childbearing-age women to have a third child and the deep-seated reasons for their unwillingness to give birthto provide a basis for improving the supporting measures of the fertility policy. Methods A mixed study method was used. From January to May 2024the childbearing-age women in urban and rural areas in the southChizhou City and Ma'anshan CitycentralHefei City and Lv'an Cityand northFuyang City and Bozhou Cityof Anhui Province were selected by convenience sampling method and surveyed with a questionnaireincluding personalfamily economicsocialand marital factors. Multifactorial Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the childbearing-age women's intentions to have a third child. During the same periodthe phenomenological research method was used to purposively and heterogeneously extract the childbearing-age women who were unwilling to have a third child in the quantitative study for semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi's seven-step analysis was used to refine the interview themes. ResultsA total of 2 400 questionnaires were distributedand 2 234 valid questionnaires were finally collectedwith a valid recovery rate of 93.1%. 186 of the 2 234 childbearing-age women8.3%intended to have a third child. The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of housing pressuremild stressOR=0.651 95%CI=0.442~0.959moderate stressOR=0.47395%CI=0.303-0.740the spouse's attitude towards having a third child unsupportive OR=0.59495%CI=0.375-0.941indifferentOR=0.46595%CI=0.299-0.723the spouse's sharing of household choresmoderate sharingOR=0.37195%CI=0.239-0.577occasional sharingOR=0.53495%CI=0.354-0.805the place of residencetownOR=0.57895%CI=0.384-0.871and the number of childrenoneOR=0.554 95%CI=0.328-0.934were the influencing factors of the intention of childbearing-age women to have a third childP<0.05. A total of 22 childbearing-age women were finally interviewedand four themes of deep-seated reasons for childbearing-age women's unwillingness to have a third child were distilledthe high cost of childbearingthe weak support within the familythe difficulty of balancing work and familyand imperfect supporting measures for childbearing policies. ConclusionThe intention of childbearing-age women to have a third child is less than 10% in Anhui Provincewith the degree of housing pressurethe spouse's attitude towards having a third childthe spouse's sharing of household choresthe place of residenceand the number of children being the main factors influencing the childbearing-age women's intention to have a third child. The high cost of childbearingthe weak support within the familythe difficulty of balancing work and familyand imperfect supporting measures for childbearing policies were the deep-rooted reasons why childbearing-age women were unwilling to have a third child. It is recommended that the fertility support policy be further improved to enhance the fertility enthusiasm of the childbearing-age groupto effectively solve the problem of low fertility rate.