Physics Computational Literacy: Programming, modeling and collaboration at the journeyman level

Computation has become an integral part of physics research. However, little is known about how students learn to productively use computation as a tool beyond the introductory level, especially as they transition into physics research. In this study, we apply the theory of Physics Computational Literacy and the Novice-Expert framework to describe the development of expertise in computational physics, as students transition from novice to journeymen computational physicists. We base this description on a thematic analysis of interviews with 13 computational physics master's students with extensive experience using computation. We first describe the most important elements driving the development of computational physics expertise, identifying two distinct transitions of competence during their studies, driven by experience with large computational projects and professional research. We then present an overview of the various skills students attain on this path toward the journeyman level of computational physics expertise. Based on these results, we argue for the need to assist students in collaborative coding and the learning of new tools, as well as the importance of large, scaffolded, computational projects for helping students develop the advanced skills needed for computational research.