Nanoscale Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Control of a Strongly Interacting Dipolar System

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a fundamental tool for physical and life sciences, yet its spatial resolution is typically limited to macroscopic scales. Here, we demonstrate nanoscale MRI by combining strong, time-dependent local magnetic field gradients with coherent control of a dense ensemble of electron spins hosted in atom-like defects in diamond. Using this platform, we generate and manipulate nanoscale spin textures - spatially structured patterns of spin orientation - and track their evolution under engineered many-body interactions. Controlling the dipolar spin exchange driving the dynamics, we observe striking signatures of sensitivity to the microscopic details underlying the polarization distribution. Our results open the door for robust control of metrologically useful entanglement, and nanoscale imaging of materials and biological systems under ambient conditions.