社区居家老年人身心健康影响因素及医务社工赋能策略研究

BackgroundAt presentthe health problems of the elderly at home in the community have gradually become an important issue of widespread concern in the societyand it is urgent for multiple subjects to intervene in order to build a scientific and effective health support system. ObjectiveTo understand the health status and influencing factors of the elderly at home in the communityand to explore the service strategies of medical social workers to improve the physical and mental health of the elderly at home in the community. MethodsFrom January to April 2024620 elderly people living at home were selected in Shipingqiao Sub-districtJiulongpo DistrictChongqing. The physical and mental health status of the elderly was measured by the Chronic Disease Prevalence and Activities of Daily Living Scalethe Anxiety Self-rating ScaleSAS and the Geriatric Depression ScaleGDSand the influencing factors of the physical and mental health of the elderly at home were explored from five dimensionspersonal characteristicslifestyleeconomic statusintergenerational support and community service. ResultsA total of 606 valid questionnaires were retrievedand the effective recovery rate of the questionnaires was 97.7%. The results showed that in terms of physical health85.6%519 cases of the elderly were patients with chronic diseasesand the average scores of PSMS and IADL were15.60.4 and16.10.4respectively. In terms of mental healththe average score of anxiety was4.410.02 pointsthe average score of depression was4.490.03 pointsand the detection rate of moderate to severe anxiety was 56.3%341/606and the detection rate of moderate to severe depression was 28.7%174/606. The results of multiple linear regression showed that ageprevalence of chronic diseasessmokingalcohol consumptionregular physical exerciseannual personal incomefrequency of contact with childrenfinancial support of childrenhealth knowledge/health education servicesspiritual comfort/psychological counseling servicesand social interaction/recreational activities services all had significant effects on the physical and mental health of the elderlyP<0.05. ConclusionIt is necessary to establish a long-term and stable multi-faceted collaborative empowerment service team with medical social workers as the main body and the community as the backingand further design the medical social worker empowerment strategy to promote the improvement of the health level of the elderly at home in the community.