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Spontaneous symmetry breaking in an antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain

Spontaneous symmetry breaking in an antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain

来源:Arxiv_logoArxiv
英文摘要

It is generally believed that spontaneous breaking of continuous symmetry is restricted by Hohenberg-Mermin-Wagner theorem. A special case is that the 1D ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain holds long-range order because the order parameter commutes with the Hamiltonian. The other one is that the recently found frustration-free Hamiltonians can bypass this theorem, but the observed symmetry breaking is fragile under generic perturbations. In this work, we have discovered a new example that goes beyond the above two examples -- a 1D antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model -- that can achieve spontaneous breaking of continuous symmetry. Importantly, it is not a frustration-free model and its order parameter does not commute with the Hamiltonian. Moreover, the long-range order is robust under symmetry-preserving perturbations. Combining numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, we have further confirmed and understood this nontrivial phenomenon.

Jingya Wang、Zenan Liu、Bin-Bin Mao、Zijian Xiong、Zhe Wang、Zheng Yan

物理学

Jingya Wang,Zenan Liu,Bin-Bin Mao,Zijian Xiong,Zhe Wang,Zheng Yan.Spontaneous symmetry breaking in an antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain[EB/OL].(2025-06-29)[2025-07-24].https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.23258.点此复制

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