GRB 221009A: Observations with LST-1 of CTAO and implications for structured jets in long gamma-ray bursts
GRB 221009A: Observations with LST-1 of CTAO and implications for structured jets in long gamma-ray bursts
GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) observed to date. Extensive observations of its afterglow emission across the electromagnetic spectrum were performed, providing the first strong evidence of a jet with a nontrivial angular structure in a long GRB. We carried out an extensive observation campaign in very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays with the first Large-Sized Telescope (LST-1) of the future Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), starting on 2022 October 10, about one day after the burst. A dedicated analysis of the GRB 221009A data is performed to account for the different moonlight conditions under which data were recorded. We find an excess of gamma-like events with a statistical significance of 4.1$Ï$ during the observations taken 1.33 days after the burst, followed by background-compatible results for the later days. The results are compared with various models of afterglows from structured jets that are consistent with the published multiwavelength data, but entail significant quantitative and qualitative differences in the VHE emission after one day. We disfavor models that imply VHE flux at one day considerably above $10^{-11}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. Our late-time VHE observations can help disentangle the degeneracy among the models and provide valuable new insight into the structure of GRB jets.
K. Ioka、M. Iori、T. Itokawa、A. Iuliano、J. Jahanvi、I. Jimenez Martinez、D. Hui、M. Iarlori、R. Imazawa、T. Inada、Y. Inome、S. Inoue、D. Hrupec、A. López-Oramas、S. Loporchio、J. Lozano Bahilo、F. Lucarelli、H. Luciani、P. L. Luque-Escamilla、P. Majumdar、I. Jorge Rodrigo、J. Jurysek、M. Kagaya、O. Kalashev、V. Karas、H. Katagiri、D. Kerszberg、T. Kiyomot、Y. Kobayashi、K. Kohri、A. Kong、P. Kornecki、H. Kubo、J. Kushida、B. Lacave、M. Lainez、G. Lamanna、A. Lamastra、L. Lemoigne、M. Linhoff、S. Lombardi、F. Longo、R. López-Coto、M. López-Moya、A. Lorini、LST Collaboration、K. Abe、S. Abe、A. Abhishek、F. Acero、A. Aguasca-Cabot、I. Agudo、C. Alispach、D. Ambrosino、F. Ambrosino、L. A. Antonelli、C. Aramo、A. Arbet-Engels、C. Arcaro、T. T. H. Arnesen、K. Asano、P. Aubert、A. Baktash、M. Balbo、A. Bamba、A. Baquero Larriva、U. Barres de Almeida、J. A. Barrio、L. Barrios Jiménez、I. Batkovic、J. Baxter、J. Becerra González、E. Bernardini、J. Bernete、A. Berti、I. Bezshyiko、C. Bigongiari、E. Bissaldi、O. Blanch、G. Bonnoli、P. Bordas、G. Borkowski、G. Brunelli、A. Bulgarelli、M. Bunse、I. Burelli、L. Burmistrov、M. Cardillo、S. Caroff、A. Carosi、R. Carraro、M. S. Carrasco、F. Cassol、D. Cerasole、G. Ceribella、A. Cerviño Cortínez、Y. Chai、K. Cheng、A. Chiavassa、M. Chikawa、G. Chon、L. Chytka、G. M. Cicciari、A. Cifuentes、J. L. Contreras、J. Cortina、H. Costantini、M. Dalchenko、P. Da Vela、N. Godinovic、T. Gradetzke、R. Grau、D. Green、J. Green、S. Gunji、P. Günther、J. Hackfeld、D. Hadasch、A. Hahn、M. Hashizume、T. Hassan、K. Hayashi、L. Heckmann、M. Heller、J. Herrera Llorente、K. Hirotani、D. Hoffmann、D. Horns、J. Houles、M. Hrabovsky、J. Jimenez Quiles、P. Marquez、G. Marsella、J. Martí、O. Martinez、G. Martínez、M. Martínez、A. Mas-Aguilar、M. Massa、G. Maurin、D. Mazin、J. Méndez-Gallego、S. Menon、E. Mestre Guillen、D. Miceli、T. Miener、J. M. Miranda、R. Mirzoyan、M. Mizote、T. Mizuno、M. Molero Gonzalez、E. Molina、T. Montaruli、A. Moralejo、D. Morcuende、A. Moreno Ramos、A. Morselli、V. Moya、H. Muraishi、S. Nagataki、T. Nakamori、A. Neronov、D. Nieto Castaño、M. Nievas Rosillo、L. Nikolic、K. Nishijima、K. Noda、D. Nosek、V. Novotny、S. Nozaki、M. Ohishi、Y. Ohtani、T. Oka、A. Okumura、R. Orito、L. Orsini、J. Otero-Santos、P. Ottanelli、M. Palatiello、G. Panebianco、D. Paneque、F. R. Pantaleo、R. Paoletti、J. M. Paredes、M. Pech、M. Pecimotika、M. Peresano、F. Pfeifle、E. Pietropaolo、M. Pihet、G. Pirola、C. Plard、F. Podobnik、M. Polo、E. Prandini、F. Dazzi、A. De Angelis、M. de Bony de Lavergne、R. Del Burgo、C. Delgado、J. Delgado Mengual、M. Dellaiera、D. della Volpe、B. De Lotto、L. Del Peral、R. de Menezes、G. De Palma、C. Díaz、A. Di Piano、F. Di Pierro、R. Di Tria、L. Di Venere、R. M. Dominik、D. Dominis Prester、A. Donini、D. Dorner、M. Doro、L. Eisenberger、D. Elsässer、G. Emery、J. Escudero、V. Fallah Ramazani、F. Ferrarotto、A. Fiasson、L. Foffano、F. Frías García-Lago、S. Fröse、Y. Fukazawa、S. Gallozzi、R. Garcia López、S. Garcia Soto、C. Gasbarra、D. Gasparrini、D. Geyer、J. Giesbrecht Paiva、N. Giglietto、F. Giordano、D. Tateishi、T. Tavernier、P. Temnikov、Y. Terada、K. Terauchi、T. Terzic、M. Teshima、M. Tluczykont、F. Tokanai、T. Tomura、D. F. Torres、F. Tramonti、P. Travnicek、G. Tripodo、A. Tutone、M. Vacula、J. van Scherpenberg、M. Vázquez Acosta、S. Ventura、S. Vercellone、G. Verna、I. Viale、A. Vigliano、C. F. Vigorito、E. Visentin、V. Vitale、V. Voitsekhovskyi、G. Voutsinas、I. Vovk、T. Vuillaume、R. Walter、L. Wan、M. Will、J. Wójtowicz、T. Yamamoto、R. Yamazaki、Y. Yao、P. K. H. Yeung、T. Yoshida、T. Yoshikoshi、W. Zhang、M. Prouza、S. Rainò、R. Rando、W. Rhode、M. Ribó、V. Rizi、G. Rodriguez Fernandez、M. D. Rodríguez Frías、P. Romano、A. Roy、A. Ruina、E. Ruiz-Velasco、T. Saito、S. Sakurai、D. A. Sanchez、H. Sano、T. Šarić、Y. Sato、F. G. Saturni、V. Savchenko、F. Schiavone、B. Schleicher、F. Schmuckermaier、J. L. Schubert、F. Schussler、T. Schweizer、M. Seglar Arroyo、T. Siegert、G. Silvestri、A. Simongini、J. Sitarek、V. Sliusar、A. Stamerra、J. Strišković、M. Strzys、Y. Suda、A. Sunny、H. Tajima、M. Takahashi、J. Takata、R. Takeishi、P. H. T. Tam、S. J. Tanaka、M. Makariev、M. Mallamaci、D. Mandat、M. Manganaro、D. K. Maniadakis、G. Manicò、K. Mannheim、S. Marchesi、F. Marini、M. Mariotti
天文学
K. Ioka,M. Iori,T. Itokawa,A. Iuliano,J. Jahanvi,I. Jimenez Martinez,D. Hui,M. Iarlori,R. Imazawa,T. Inada,Y. Inome,S. Inoue,D. Hrupec,A. López-Oramas,S. Loporchio,J. Lozano Bahilo,F. Lucarelli,H. Luciani,P. L. Luque-Escamilla,P. Majumdar,I. Jorge Rodrigo,J. Jurysek,M. Kagaya,O. Kalashev,V. Karas,H. Katagiri,D. Kerszberg,T. Kiyomot,Y. Kobayashi,K. Kohri,A. Kong,P. Kornecki,H. Kubo,J. Kushida,B. Lacave,M. Lainez,G. Lamanna,A. Lamastra,L. Lemoigne,M. Linhoff,S. Lombardi,F. Longo,R. López-Coto,M. López-Moya,A. Lorini,LST Collaboration,K. Abe,S. Abe,A. Abhishek,F. Acero,A. Aguasca-Cabot,I. Agudo,C. Alispach,D. Ambrosino,F. Ambrosino,L. A. Antonelli,C. Aramo,A. Arbet-Engels,C. Arcaro,T. T. H. Arnesen,K. Asano,P. Aubert,A. Baktash,M. Balbo,A. Bamba,A. Baquero Larriva,U. Barres de Almeida,J. A. Barrio,L. Barrios Jiménez,I. Batkovic,J. Baxter,J. Becerra González,E. Bernardini,J. Bernete,A. Berti,I. Bezshyiko,C. Bigongiari,E. Bissaldi,O. Blanch,G. Bonnoli,P. Bordas,G. Borkowski,G. Brunelli,A. Bulgarelli,M. Bunse,I. Burelli,L. Burmistrov,M. Cardillo,S. Caroff,A. Carosi,R. Carraro,M. S. Carrasco,F. Cassol,D. Cerasole,G. Ceribella,A. Cerviño Cortínez,Y. Chai,K. Cheng,A. Chiavassa,M. Chikawa,G. Chon,L. Chytka,G. M. Cicciari,A. Cifuentes,J. L. Contreras,J. Cortina,H. Costantini,M. Dalchenko,P. Da Vela,N. Godinovic,T. Gradetzke,R. Grau,D. Green,J. Green,S. Gunji,P. Günther,J. Hackfeld,D. Hadasch,A. Hahn,M. Hashizume,T. Hassan,K. Hayashi,L. Heckmann,M. Heller,J. Herrera Llorente,K. Hirotani,D. Hoffmann,D. Horns,J. Houles,M. Hrabovsky,J. Jimenez Quiles,P. Marquez,G. Marsella,J. Martí,O. Martinez,G. Martínez,M. Martínez,A. Mas-Aguilar,M. Massa,G. Maurin,D. Mazin,J. Méndez-Gallego,S. Menon,E. Mestre Guillen,D. Miceli,T. Miener,J. M. Miranda,R. Mirzoyan,M. Mizote,T. Mizuno,M. Molero Gonzalez,E. Molina,T. Montaruli,A. Moralejo,D. Morcuende,A. Moreno Ramos,A. Morselli,V. Moya,H. Muraishi,S. Nagataki,T. Nakamori,A. Neronov,D. Nieto Castaño,M. Nievas Rosillo,L. Nikolic,K. Nishijima,K. Noda,D. Nosek,V. Novotny,S. Nozaki,M. Ohishi,Y. Ohtani,T. Oka,A. Okumura,R. Orito,L. Orsini,J. Otero-Santos,P. Ottanelli,M. Palatiello,G. Panebianco,D. Paneque,F. R. Pantaleo,R. Paoletti,J. M. Paredes,M. Pech,M. Pecimotika,M. Peresano,F. Pfeifle,E. Pietropaolo,M. Pihet,G. Pirola,C. Plard,F. Podobnik,M. Polo,E. Prandini,F. Dazzi,A. De Angelis,M. de Bony de Lavergne,R. Del Burgo,C. Delgado,J. Delgado Mengual,M. Dellaiera,D. della Volpe,B. De Lotto,L. Del Peral,R. de Menezes,G. De Palma,C. Díaz,A. Di Piano,F. Di Pierro,R. Di Tria,L. Di Venere,R. M. Dominik,D. Dominis Prester,A. Donini,D. Dorner,M. Doro,L. Eisenberger,D. Elsässer,G. Emery,J. Escudero,V. Fallah Ramazani,F. Ferrarotto,A. Fiasson,L. Foffano,F. Frías García-Lago,S. Fröse,Y. Fukazawa,S. Gallozzi,R. Garcia López,S. Garcia Soto,C. Gasbarra,D. Gasparrini,D. Geyer,J. Giesbrecht Paiva,N. Giglietto,F. Giordano,D. Tateishi,T. Tavernier,P. Temnikov,Y. Terada,K. Terauchi,T. Terzic,M. Teshima,M. Tluczykont,F. Tokanai,T. Tomura,D. F. Torres,F. Tramonti,P. Travnicek,G. Tripodo,A. Tutone,M. Vacula,J. van Scherpenberg,M. Vázquez Acosta,S. Ventura,S. Vercellone,G. Verna,I. Viale,A. Vigliano,C. F. Vigorito,E. Visentin,V. Vitale,V. Voitsekhovskyi,G. Voutsinas,I. Vovk,T. Vuillaume,R. Walter,L. Wan,M. Will,J. Wójtowicz,T. Yamamoto,R. Yamazaki,Y. Yao,P. K. H. Yeung,T. Yoshida,T. Yoshikoshi,W. Zhang,M. Prouza,S. Rainò,R. Rando,W. Rhode,M. Ribó,V. Rizi,G. Rodriguez Fernandez,M. D. Rodríguez Frías,P. Romano,A. Roy,A. Ruina,E. Ruiz-Velasco,T. Saito,S. Sakurai,D. A. Sanchez,H. Sano,T. Šarić,Y. Sato,F. G. Saturni,V. Savchenko,F. Schiavone,B. Schleicher,F. Schmuckermaier,J. L. Schubert,F. Schussler,T. Schweizer,M. Seglar Arroyo,T. Siegert,G. Silvestri,A. Simongini,J. Sitarek,V. Sliusar,A. Stamerra,J. Strišković,M. Strzys,Y. Suda,A. Sunny,H. Tajima,M. Takahashi,J. Takata,R. Takeishi,P. H. T. Tam,S. J. Tanaka,M. Makariev,M. Mallamaci,D. Mandat,M. Manganaro,D. K. Maniadakis,G. Manicò,K. Mannheim,S. Marchesi,F. Marini,M. Mariotti.GRB 221009A: Observations with LST-1 of CTAO and implications for structured jets in long gamma-ray bursts[EB/OL].(2025-07-03)[2025-07-16].https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.03077.点此复制
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