呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松林土壤和根内真菌泛化种和特化种结构与功能特征

his study explores the community structure and function of generalized and specialized fungal species (GFS and SFS) in the soil and roots of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests, and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties, aiming to unravel key microbiological mechanisms affecting ecosystem functioning in P. sylvestris fores. Using high-throughput sequencing technology, we analyzed the differences in community structure and functional groups of GFS and SFS in the soil and roots of natural forests and plantations (24a, 35a, 44a) of P. sylvestris var. mongolica in Hulunbuir desert. The results showed that: (1) the soil and root-associated GFS totally retained 169 OTUs, The soil SFS retained 603 OTUs, the root-associated SFS retained 216 OTUs. As well as Tricholoma and Suillus for soil GFS and Tricholoma, Suillus and Cadophora for root-associated GFS, Penicillium, for soil SFS and for Acephala root-associated SFS. (2) The relative abundance of symbiotic nutritive fungi of soil GFS accounted for 28.49% to 47.21%, and the dominant ecological functional group was ectomycorrhizal fungi, which showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with forest age; the saprophytic nutritive fungi of soil SFS accounted for 17.01% to 40.01%, compared with natural forests, the relative abundance of saprophytic nutritive fungi in plantation forests was lower than that in natural forests, and the saprophytic nutritive fungi showed a tendency of increasing and decreasing followed by increasing with forest age; The symbiotic trophic type of root-associated GFS accounted for 43.25% to 54.45%, with the dominant ecological functional group was ectomycorrhizal fungi, which showed an increasing trend with the increase of forest age, and the relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in natural forests was higher than that in plantation forests. (3) The soil organic matter and available phosphorus content of natural P. sylvestris forests were significantly higher than that of plantation forests (P<0.05). With the increase of forest age, the soil organic matter(SOM); total phosphorus(TP); available nitrogen(AN); and available phosphorus(AP) in the soil of plantation forests increased significantly(P0.05). GFS were mainly dominated by soil SOM, NH+4-N and TP (P<0.05); whereas the community variability of root-associated SFS was further regulated by total nitrogen(TN) (P<0.05); and soil SFS were significantly associated only with TP, AN and NO3--N (P<0.05). The drivers of fungal community structure showed significant ecological niche differentiation, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the ecological functions of fungi in the soil and roots of P. sylvestris forest, providing scientific support for the sustainable management and protection of P. sylvestris forests in the Hulunbuir desert.