Improved Limits on Exotic Interactions Mediated by Axion-Like Particles Between Muons

The precise measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment (AMDM) $a_μ$ provides an opportunity for constraining the exotic interactions between muons mediated by new scalar or vector particles. Recent progress in both experimental measurements and theoretical predictions of the muon AMDM has reconciled the long-standing tension between them. Based on the latest result for the muon AMDM, $Δa_μ=a^{\rm exp}_μ-a^{\rm SM}_μ= (38 \pm 63) \times 10^{-11}$, we derive updated constraints on exotic interactions between muons.