幻觉的神经和计算机制
Neurological and computational mechanisms of hallucinations
苑墨桐 1蔡雨霏 2孙宏伟 3李妍妍 2王亮2
作者信息
- 1. 山东第二医科大学心理学院;中国科学院心理研究所认知科学与心理健康国家重点实验室
- 2. 中国科学院大学心理学系;中国科学院心理研究所认知科学与心理健康国家重点实验室
- 3. 山东第二医科大学心理学院
- 折叠
摘要
幻觉是一种在没有外界真实刺激情况下产生的感知体验，常见于多种精神和神经系统疾病，其严重程度与病情进展相关。研究表明，幻觉与前额叶皮层、岛叶、纹状体、海马等脑区功能异常密切相关。幻觉源于感觉信号与先验预期失衡，导致预测误差信号异常整合，内部信号被误认为外部刺激。本文系统梳理了幻觉的研究范式，探讨幻觉发生的神经环路并阐释预测误差整合异常的发生机制。最后从建立跨模态标准化评估体系、探索闭环神经反馈和靶向神经调控技术的个体化幻觉症状干预框架等方面对未来研究进行了展望。
Abstract
Hallucinations, defined as perceptual experiences occurring in the absence of external stimuli, represent a hallmark symptom of numerous psychiatric and neurological disorders, with their severity strongly correlating with disease progression. Empirical evidence demonstrates that the manifestation of hallucinations is intricately linked to functional dysregulation within key brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, insula, striatum, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus. Recent advancements in computational neuroscience have offered novel perspectives on the neural and cognitive underpinnings of hallucinations. Within the framework of Bayesian brain theory, hallucinations are hypothesized to result from a dysregulation in the balance between attenuated bottom-up sensory processing and excessively weighted top-down predictive priors, leading to aberrant integration of prediction errors and the consequent misattribution of internally generated signals as external percepts. Nevertheless, the inherently subjective and unpredictable nature of hallucinations poses significant challenges, resulting in a limited understanding of their precise neural and computational mechanisms. Future research endeavors should prioritize the development of robust, objective methodologies for detecting hallucinatory states, elucidate the neurocomputational mechanisms driving their emergence, differentiate between distinct hallucination subtypes, and establish tailored intervention protocols. Such advancements hold the potential to inform the development of innovative therapeutic strategies, enhance treatment efficacy, mitigate the distress experienced by patients and their families, and alleviate the associated socioeconomic burden.关键词
幻觉/条件性幻觉/神经环路/预测编码/神经调控Key words
hallucinations/ conditioned hallucinations/ neural circuits/ predictive coding/ neuromodulation引用本文复制引用
苑墨桐,蔡雨霏,孙宏伟,李妍妍,王亮.幻觉的神经和计算机制[EB/OL].(2025-08-22)[2026-04-02].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202508.00352.学科分类
生物科学理论、生物科学方法/生物科学研究方法、生物科学研究技术
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