不同运动方式对老年人跌倒效能影响的网状Meta分析

Background  Fall is one of the most common and serious problems in the elderlyand fall efficiency is an important influencing factor. There are various exercise ways to improve fall efficiency in the elderlyand the merits and demerits of various exercise intervention effects are still uncertain. Objective  To compare the effects of different exercise modes on fall efficacy in the older peopleaiming to provide a reference for patients to choose the best exercise mode. Methods  A literature search was conducted in databases such as China National Knowledge InfrastructureCNKIWanfang DataVIPSinoMedPubMedCINAHLWeb of ScienceEmbaseCochrane Libraryand FMRS to identify relevant studies on the effectiveness of exercise in reducing falls among the elderly. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to August 152025. The outcome measures were the Falls Efficacy Scale-InternationalFES-IBerg Balance ScaleBBSand Timed Up and Go TestTUGT. The Cochrane bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Stata 18 software was used to perform a network meta-analysisand the surface under the cumulative ranking curveSUCRA was used to rank the effectiveness of different treatment regimens. Results  A total of 35 studies were included in this studyinvolving 2627 subjects and 13 types of exercise. In terms of fall efficacyOtagoMD=8.9495%CI=3.51-14.38Tai  ChiMD=9.2495%CI=4.96-13.51step marching exerciseMD=8.6095%CI=2.56~14.64and pilatesMD=6.8695%CI=1.19~12.53were more effective than the usual care groupP<0.05with Tai Chi having the highest likelihood of being the most effective interventionSUCRA=81.2. In terms of balance functionOtagoMD=3.8795%CI=2.71-5.02Tai ChiMD=3.8795%CI=1.71-6.03and resisted + balance trainingMD=3.2695%CI=0.53-6.00were more effective than the usual care groupP<0.05with Otago having the highest likelihood of being the most effective intervention SUCRA=68.1. In terms of mobilityOtagoMD=3.9095%CI=2.77-5.04Tai ChiMD=4.4495%CI=3.50-5.39BaduanjinMD=2.2595%CI=1.47-3.02BaguazhangMD=2.3595%CI=1.26-3.43Gait balancing enercisesMD=3.6095%CI=2.15-5.05were more effective than the usual care groupP<0.05with Tai Chi having the highest likelihood of being the most effective interventionSUCRA=95.0. Conclusion This study indicates that Tai Chi and Otago exercises are effective in improving fall efficacybalance functionand mobility in older adults. Clinical healthcare professionals should select appropriate exercise methods based on the health status and needs of older adults to enhance fall efficacyeffectively prevent fallsand promote patient health. Meanwhilefurther high-quality researches are needed to validate these findings.