水肿诊治与管理专家共识（2025）

Edema is a common clinical problem with complex etiology and a lack of systematic clinical research data, affecting patients' physical and mental health and imposing an economic burden on society. This consensus was written by multidisciplinary experts including general practicenephrologyand cardiology. By reviewing and integrating the cutting-edge domestic and international evidence-based medical research results in the field of edema in recent yearsit elaborates in detail on the definition, classificationepidemiologyetiology and pathogenesiscomprehensively summarizes the diagnostic methods of edema, including detailed consultationsystematic physical examinationand auxiliary examinationand specifically expounds the individualized treatment principles and measures for edema. The consensus also emphasizes the comprehensive community management of edemaincluding screeningfollow-upcomprehensive intervention measureshealth educationmultidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment supporthierarchical referral. At the same timeit proposes the future directions for the diagnosis and management of edema from the perspectives of clinical practiceeducation and trainingand scientific research innovationaiming to provide assistance and guidance for the standardized implementation of edema diagnosistreatment and full-process management.