光电驱动的海水提铀技术发展现状及其工程化的挑战
Advances and Engineering Challenges in Photoelectrochemical Uranium Extraction from Seawater
海水提铀是保障核能燃料供应安全的关键潜在技术，对推动核电可持续发展具有重要意义。近年来，该领域取得了显著进展。然而，天然海水是一个高度复杂的生物地球化学体系，其中极低的铀浓度、严重的离子干扰以及生物污损等问题，使得海水提铀面临巨大挑战。本综述重点介绍了光催化、电化学及光热联合提铀等新兴技术的研究现状，并剖析了其当前存在的技术瓶颈。同时，文章还探讨了海水提铀在工程化应用中面临的主要限制因素。未来研究应致力于开发高效催化材料、优化系统过程耦合、加强近海试验验证，以推动海水提铀技术向规模化、经济可行的方向发展，为其可持续开发利用提供科学支撑。
海洋学核燃料、核燃料生产化学物理学
放射化学海水提铀光催化电化学光热协同
王凤菊,刘鹏,宋艳,陈树森,徐美芸,华道本.光电驱动的海水提铀技术发展现状及其工程化的挑战[EB/OL].(2025-09-24)[2025-09-29].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/202509-31.点此复制
Uranium extraction from seawater is a promising technology for securing the nuclear fuel supply and is of great importance for the sustainable development of nuclear power. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in this field. Nevertheless, natural seawater constitutes a highly complex biogeochemical system, where the extremely low uranium concentration, strong ionic interference, and severe biofouling pose major challenges to efficient uranium recovery. This review summarizes recent advances in emerging strategies such as photocatalytic, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical approaches, and critically analyzes their current technical bottlenecks. In addition, it discusses the key limiting factors for engineering-scale applications. Future research should prioritize the development of highly efficient catalytic materials, optimization of system-level process integration, and reinforcement of sea trial validation, thereby advancing seawater uranium extraction toward large-scale, economically viable deployment and establishing a solid scientific foundation for its sustainable development and utilization.
RadiochemistryUranium extraction from seawaterPhotocatalysisElectrochemistryPhotoelectrochemical synergy
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