排球运动员动静态平衡能力偏侧性研究
Study of lateralization in dynamic and static balance abilities of volleyball players
摘要
目的 分析排球运动员优势腿和非优势腿单脚站立和单腿下落的生物力学特征，探究优势腿和非优势腿动静态平衡能力的差异性，为排球运动员姿势控制训练方案设计提供理论方向。方法 选取20名排球运动员优势腿和非优势腿进行30s睁眼、闭眼单脚站立和40cm跳箱单腿下落稳定性测试，比较静态站立足底压力中心（center of pressure, COP）参数、触地瞬间关节角度和关节运动幅度、稳定性指数、载荷率、峰值地面反作用力和到达峰值地面反作用力时间的差异。结果（1）静态平衡能力：睁眼单脚站立非优势腿和优势腿COP指标无显著性差异（P＞0.05）；闭眼单脚站立时，优势腿COP前后方向最大偏移距离和COP前后方向的平均速度与非优势腿相比具有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。（2）动态平衡能力：由非优势腿和优势腿单腿落地时GRF所计算的前后稳定性指数、左右稳定性指数、垂直稳定性指数和动态稳定时间具有显著性差异（P＜0.05）；落地缓冲过程中，非优势腿的膝关节、踝关节活动度与优势腿相比具有显著性差异（P＜0.05）；计算优势腿和非优势腿单腿落地时载荷率具有显著性差异（P＜0.05），载荷率对称性指数显示存在偏侧性。结论 排球运动员优势腿和非优势腿之间的平衡能力存在偏侧性。在静态平衡能力方面，睁眼状态下，双下肢的静态平衡能力相似，而闭眼状态下，优势腿在矢状面的静态平衡能力更好，非优势侧的视觉补偿较多。在动态平衡能力方面，非优势腿优于优势腿，双下肢之间存在偏侧性。在排球运动员体能训练计划中应重点关注并加强非优势腿的闭眼静态平衡能力和优势腿的动态姿势控制训练，从而降低落地损伤的风险和提升单腿支撑发力动作的运动表现。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the biomechanical characteristics of single-leg stance and single-leg landing in the dominant and non-dominant legs of volleyball players and explore the differences in static and dynamic balance abilities between the two legs so as to provide theoretical guidance for the design of posture control training programs for volleyball players.Methods Twenty volleyball players were selected to perform 30-second single-leg stance testswith eyes open and closedand 40 cm box jump single-leg landing stability tests using both the dominant and non-dominant legs.The study compared the differences in center of pressureCOPparameters during static stance, joint angles and range of motion at the moment of ground contact during landing, stability index, loading rate, peak ground reaction forceGRFand the time to reach peak ground reaction force.Results1Static balance ability:No significant differences were observed in COP parameters between the dominant and non-dominant legs during single-leg stance with the eyes openP0.05.However, during single-leg stance with the eyes closed, the maximum displacement and average velocity of COP in the anterior-posterior direction of the dominant leg showed significant differences compared to the non-dominant legP0.05.2Dynamic balance ability:Significant differences were found between the dominant and non-dominant legs in the anterior-posterior stability index, lateral stability index, vertical stability index, and dynamic stability time calculated from GRF during single-leg landingP0.05.During the landing cushioning phase, significant differences in knee and ankle joint mobility were observed between the non-dominant and dominant legsP0.05.Additionally, the loading rate during single-leg landing showed significant differences between the two legsP0.05, and the loading rate symmetry index indicated lateralization.Conclusion There is lateralization in the balance abilities between the dominant and non-dominant legs of volleyball players.In terms of static balance ability, the two legs exhibit similar performance under eyes-open conditions.However, under eyes-closed conditions, the dominant leg demonstrates better static balance in the sagittal plane, while the non-dominant leg relies more on visual compensation.In terms of dynamic balance ability, the non-dominant leg performs better than the dominant leg, indicating lateralization between the two legs.In designing physical training programs for volleyball players, special attention should be paid to enhancing the static balance ability of the non-dominant leg under eyes-closed conditions and improving the dynamic posture control of the dominant leg.This will help reduce the risk of landing injuries and improve the performance of single-leg support and force application movements.关键词
排球运动员/动静态平衡能力/偏侧性/运动损伤引用本文复制引用
付光亮.排球运动员动静态平衡能力偏侧性研究[EB/OL].(2025-11-01)[2026-04-04].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202511.00031.学科分类
体育
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