超越“多多益善”：利他程度对道德评价的影响及调节机制
Beyond “The more the better”: The impact of altruism degree on moral evaluation and its moderating mechanism
摘要
利他行为是一种有利于他人的积极行为，但利他程度越高会被认为更道德吗？本研究基于社会视角下的利他，通过7个系列研究(N = 1798)系统探讨了利他程度与道德评价之间的关系，并深入揭示了其内部机制与边界条件。结果发现，观察者对高度利他行为的道德评价反而低于中度利他行为，教化功能感知起中介作用(研究1a、1b)；通过“操纵中介作为调节”的设计，为教化功能感知的中介作用提供了因果证据(研究2a、2b)；自我不确定性调节了利他程度与教化功能感知之间的关系，高自我不确定性会降低观察者对高度利他行为的教化功能感知，进而降低道德评价(研究3、4)；跨实验的内部元分析进一步支持了研究结果的稳健性(研究5)。本研究揭示了新时代背景下利他行为与道德评价之间的复杂关系：利他行为并非“多多益善”，高度利他可能适得其反，深化了对利他行为社会评价的理解，并为推动社会和谐与道德建设提供了新的理论视角。
Abstract
Altruistic behavior, inherently beneficial to others, prompts the question: is a higher degree of altruism invariably perceived as more moral? Grounded in the social functionalist perspective, this study systematically investigates the relationship between altruism degree and moral evaluation through seven sub-studies (N = 1798), thoroughly revealing its underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions. Our findings indicate that observers moral evaluations of highly altruistic behavior are paradoxically lower than those of moderately altruistic behavior, with perceived teaching function mediating this effect (Studies 1a, 1b). Employing a manipulating-of-mediating-as-a-moderator design, we established causal evidence for the mediating role of perceived teaching function (Studies 2a, 2b). Furthermore, self-uncertainty moderated the relationship between altruism degree and perceived teaching function; high self-uncertainty attenuated observers perception of the teaching function of highly altruistic behavior, consequently diminishing moral evaluations (Studies 3, 4). An internal meta-analysis across all experiments further corroborated the robustness of these findings (Study 5). This research illuminates the complex relationship between altruistic behavior and moral evaluation in the contemporary context, suggesting that altruism is not simply a case of the more, the better, and that excessive altruism may be counterproductive. It thereby deepens our comprehension of the social evaluation of altruistic behavior and offers new theoretical perspectives for promoting social harmony and moral development.关键词
利他行为/道德评价/教化功能/自我不确定性Key words
altruistic behavior/moral evaluation/teaching function/self-uncertainty引用本文复制引用
孙思捷,赵欢欢,皮乔,张和云.超越“多多益善”：利他程度对道德评价的影响及调节机制[EB/OL].(2025-11-28)[2026-04-02].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202511.00180.学科分类
文化理论/教育/科学、科学研究
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