林下栽培与大田栽培对珍稀药材白及生长发育及药材性状影响
Effects of Understory Cultivation and Field Cultivation on the Growth and Medicinal Traits of the Rare Medicinal Herb Bletilla striata
摘要
【目的】探究林下栽培与大田栽培对珍稀药材白及（Bletilla striata）生长发育、生物量分配及药材关键性状的影响。【方法】以品种"贵芨1号"为材料，土壤条件、管理措施及种苗质量基本一致，设置松树林下（郁闭度0.7）与全光照大田两种栽培模式。2025年3月移栽，9月倒苗期取样测量根系数量与长度、新生块茎数量、分枝长度、宽度、厚度，以及地上部茎长、茎粗、叶长、叶宽等共16项指标。【结果】两种栽培模式下白及的生长表现差异显著。大田栽培新生块茎的分枝长度（最长达5.0 cm）、宽度（最大4.0 cm）、厚度（最大2.4 cm）及结构复杂度（出现三叉分枝）均显著高于林下栽培，更有利于光合产物向地下贮藏器官的转运与积累。林下栽培的白及叶片更为狭长（叶长/叶宽比更大），茎秆更高，根系数量与根长分布更为集中，形成对弱光环境的适应性形态。【结论】大田栽培是获取白及块茎高产与快速成材的有效途径；林下栽培可能影响其次生代谢产物形成，并具备节地、省材、生态兼容等优势。Abstract
【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of understory cultivation and field cultivation on the growth, biomass allocation, and key medicinal traits of the rare medicinal herb Bletilla striata. 【Methods】Using the variety \'Guiji 1\' as plant material, with consistent soil conditions, management practices, and seedling quality, two cultivation modes were established: under a pine forest (canopy density of 0.7) and in an open field with full sunlight. Transplantation was conducted in March 2025, and sampling was carried out during the wilting period in September. A total of 16 indicators were measured, including root number and length, number of new tubers, branch length, width, and thickness of new tubers, as well as stem length, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width of the above-ground parts.【Results】The growth performance of B. striata significantly differed between the two cultivation modes. Field cultivation resulted in significantly greater branch length (up to 5.0 cm), width (up to 4.0 cm), thickness (up to 2.4 cm), and structural complexity (appearance of trifurcated branches) in new tubers compared to understory cultivation. This mode was more conducive to the translocation and accumulation of photosynthetic products towards the underground storage organs. Plants under understory cultivation developed narrower and longer leaves (higher leaf length-to-width ratio), taller stems, and a more concentrated distribution of root number and root length, forming adaptive morphologies to the low-light environment.【Conclusion】Field cultivation is an effective approach for achieving high tuber yield and rapid maturity in B. striata. Understory cultivation, while potentially influencing the formation of secondary metabolites, offers advantages such as land conservation, resource saving, and ecological compatibility. 
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