机会抑或威胁？人与AI协作系统对员工工作效能影响的元分析
Opportunity or threat? A meta-analysis of the impact of human-AI collaboration systems on employee work effectiveness
宋一晓 1曾铭灼 2苏涛3
作者信息
- 1. 广东财经大学人力资源学院
- 2. 广东财经大学工商管理学院
- 3. 广东工业大学管理学院
- 折叠
摘要
人工智能的快速发展深刻改变了社会结构和生产模式，其在组织中的应用对员工工作效能的影响获得了学者们的密切关注。为探讨人与AI协作系统对员工工作效能的影响及其机制，本研究对79篇国内外文献的106个独立样本（n = 54726）进行了元分析。研究发现：人机协作应用、AI自主性、AI拟人化及员工KSAs（知识、技能和能力）对员工工作效能有正向影响，表现为“机会”；而人工智能危机意识则产生负向影响，被视为“威胁”。人工智能信任和工作不安全感在人与AI协作系统和员工工作效能的关系中发挥中介作用，进一步阐释了“机会”与“威胁”双路径。并且，员工类别、行业属性和文化背景具有一定的调节作用。研究结论表明人与AI协作系统具有双刃剑效应，既可以通过人工智能信任提升员工工作效能，也能够通过工作不安全感降低员工工作效能，且积极效应强于消极效应。本研究在资源保存理论的框架下，明晰了人与AI协作系统对员工工作效能的影响机制及其边界条件，为组织正确看待人-AI协作系统带来的影响，有效发挥AI价值提供指导。
Abstract
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has profoundly changed social structures and production models, and its application in organizations has attracted significant attention from scholars regarding its impact on employee work efficiency. To investigate the impact and underlying mechanisms of human-AI collaboration systems on employee work effectiveness, this study conducted a meta-analysis of 106 independent samples (n = 54,726) derived from 75 studies. The findings reveal the following: human-AI collaboration applications, AI autonomy, AI anthropomorphism, and employee KSAs positively influence employee work efficiency, representing "opportunities." Conversely, AI awareness exerts a negative effect, perceived as a "threat". AI trust and job insecurity play mediating roles in the relationship between human-AI collaboration systems and employee work efficiency, further elucidating the dual pathways of "opportunity" and "threat". Additionally, employee categories, industry characteristics, and cultural contexts moderate these effects. The research concludes that human-AI collaboration systems have a double-edged sword effect. They can not only enhance employee work efficiency through AI trust but also reduce it due to job insecurity, with the positive effects outweighing the negative. This study, within the framework of Conservation of Resources Theory, clarifies the mechanisms and boundary conditions of the impact of human-AI collaboration systems on employee work efficiency, providing guidance for organizations to effectively leverage the value of AI while correctly understanding its impact.关键词
人与 AI 协作/工作不安全感/人工智能信任/工作绩效/员工创新Key words
human-AI collaboration/job insecurity/ AI trust/job performance/employee innovation引用本文复制引用
宋一晓,曾铭灼,苏涛.机会抑或威胁？人与AI协作系统对员工工作效能影响的元分析[EB/OL].(2026-01-07)[2026-01-11].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202511.00075.学科分类
计算技术、计算机技术/科学、科学研究/自动化技术经济/自动化基础理论/自动化技术、自动化技术设备
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