视觉工作记忆中内部注意选择优势是如何产生的？基于回溯线索范式视角
How the Internal Attention Selection Advantage Emerges in Visual Working Memory: Evidence from the Retro-Cue Paradigm
胡艾新 1马滢 1呼雨欣 1庹敏 1曾烁 1王庭照1
作者信息
摘要
视觉工作记忆是短时视觉信息存储与在线加工的核心认知系统，其信息加工灵活性依赖内部注意的定向调控。回溯线索范式是探究二者关系的关键工具，其通过在记忆阵列之后、探测测试之前呈现线索，引发回溯线索效益，以直观反映内部注意选择优势。本研究基于连续资源模型，系统梳理相关研究表明：内部注意选择优势的形成以工作记忆巩固程度为前提，这一前提决定了回溯线索效用的发挥；在此基础上，需依托持续注意维持目标表征的稳定激活，并通过提升决策阶段的信息积累质量，实现记忆表现的优化。而时间进程、记忆项变化、线索变化以及外部干扰，通过调节工作记忆资源分配效率与表征稳定性，动态影响内部注意选择效果。据此，本研究构建了一个整合内部注意选择优势产生机制及其与影响因素交互关系的认知模型。基于此模型，未来研究应进一步关注主动抑制机制、复杂刺激加工及神经发育障碍人群的内部注意特征，从而为深入理解内部注意对视觉工作记忆中信息灵活管理的过程提供新视角。
Abstract
Visual working memory (VWM) is a fundamental system for the short-term storage and online manipulation of visual information, with its flexibility depending on the goal-directed allocation of internal attention. The retro-cue paradigm, which presents a cue following encoding but before the probe, is a key tool for indexing the retro-cue benefit (RCB) and revealing the selective advantage of internal attention. Building on the continuous-resource framework, we synthesize recent findings and argue that the emergence of the internal-attention advantage hinges on (i) the sufficiency of memory consolidation, which determines cue effectiveness; (ii) the degree of sustained attention, which maintains the activation of target representations; and (iii) enhanced decision information quality, which improves behavioral performance. Moreover, temporal dynamics, changes in memory items, variations in cue characteristics, and external interference jointly modulate the efficiency of resource allocation and the stability of representations, thereby shaping internal-attention effects over time. On this basis, we propose a cognitive model that integrates the mechanisms producing the internal-attention advantage with the interacting factors that influence it. We also outline future directions, including the role of active inhibition, the processing of complex stimuli, and characteristic profiles of internal attention in neurodevelopmental conditions. These contributions offer a novel perspective on how internal attention flexibly governs the management of information within VWM.关键词
视觉工作记忆/内部注意/内部注意选择优势/回溯线索/回溯线索范式Key words
visual working memory/internal attention/internal-attention advantage/retro-cue/retro-cue paradigm引用本文复制引用
胡艾新,马滢,呼雨欣,庹敏,曾烁,王庭照.视觉工作记忆中内部注意选择优势是如何产生的？基于回溯线索范式视角[EB/OL].(2026-03-09)[2026-03-13].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202603.00062.学科分类
人类学
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