前茬水炭耦合调控模式对后茬夏玉米产量的影响
Effects of Preceding Crop Water-Biochar Coupling Regulation Mode on Yield of Subsequent Summer Maize
石凌鑫 1高震1
作者信息
- 1. 河北农业大学农学院，保定，071000
- 折叠
摘要
为明确华北冬小麦 - 夏玉米轮作体系中麦季生物炭与水分管理对后茬夏玉米生长发育及产量的跨季调控效应，筛选适宜的周年水炭协同管理模式，以冬小麦季灌水次数为主区、生物炭施用量为副区设置裂区大田试验，通过 2024-2025 年连续两年田间试验，探究不同处理对后茬夏玉米叶面积指数、干物质积累与转运、碳氮代谢及产量构成的影响，并分析土壤理化性质的调控机制。结果表明，6 t・hm⁻² 生物炭处理在两种水分条件下均能显著促进夏玉米生长发育，吐丝期叶面积指数较对照提高10.19%-11.54%，成熟期干物质积累量提升 11.69%-38.13%，同时显著提高吐丝期茎秆可溶性糖17.75%-48.96%和成熟期籽粒淀粉含量11.36%-42.10%，促进碳氮向籽粒协同转运。结论为冬小麦季施用6 t・hm⁻² 生物炭配合拔节期 + 开花期两次灌水的模式，可通过改善土壤环境优化夏玉米生长发育进程，实现后茬夏玉米稳产增效，适用于华北冬小麦 - 夏玉米轮作体系。
Abstract
To clarify the carry-over regulatory effects of biochar application and water management in the winter wheat season on the growth, development and yield of succeeding summer maize under the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in the North China Plain, and to screen the suitable annual coordinated water-biochar management mode, a split-plot field experiment was conducted with irrigation frequencies in the winter wheat season as the main plots and biochar application rates as the subplots. Based on two consecutive years of field experiments from 2024 to 2025, this study investigated the effects of different treatments on leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and translocation, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and yield components of the succeeding summer maize, and analyzed the regulatory mechanism of soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the biochar application rate of 6 t・hm⁻² significantly promoted the growth and development of summer maize under both water regimes. Compared with the control, the leaf area index at silking stage was increased by 10.19%-11.54%, and dry matter accumulation at maturity stage was increased by 11.69%-38.13%. Meanwhile, it significantly increased stem soluble sugar content at silking stage by 17.75%-48.96% and grain starch content at maturity stage by 11.36%-42.10%, promoting the coordinated translocation of carbon and nitrogen to grains. It is concluded that the application of 6 t・hm⁻² biochar in the winter wheat season combined with two irrigations at jointing and anthesis stages can optimize the growth and development process of summer maize by improving the soil environment, achieve stable yield and high efficiency of the succeeding summer maize, and is suitable for the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in the North China关键词
生物炭/夏玉米/产量Key words
Biochar/Summer maize/Yield引用本文复制引用
石凌鑫,高震.前茬水炭耦合调控模式对后茬夏玉米产量的影响[EB/OL].(2026-04-01)[2026-04-04].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/202604-9.学科分类
农作物
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