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基于ChatGPT的高校突发事件网络舆情情感分析研究

江长斌 陈子涵 黄英辉 王丹丹 何珂

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基于ChatGPT的高校突发事件网络舆情情感分析研究

Study on Sentiment Analysis of University Crisis Network Public Opinion Based on ChatGPT

江长斌 1陈子涵 1黄英辉 1王丹丹 2何珂1

作者信息

  • 1. 武汉理工大学管理学院,武汉 430070
  • 2. 香港浸会大学传理学院,香港 999077
  • 折叠

摘要

探索生成式人工智能在高校突发舆情事件管理中的应用,旨在推动高校网络舆情管理技术的创新,也为生成式人工智能在社会治理领域的应用探索提供新的视角。融合提示工程与上下文学习,构建基于生成式人工智能的情感分析框架,并以ChatGPT为核心模型展开研究。以“北京某大学女博士实名举报博导性骚扰”事件为研究案例,采用网络爬虫获取微博平台数据,结合信息生命周期理论划分舆情演化阶段。通过少样本学习策略筛选10条高质量标注示例,引导ChatGPT情感分析模型实现情感分类,并挖掘多阶段负向情感关键词以揭示演化规律。研究发现该事件舆情呈现质疑、愤怒、反思、理性四阶段特征,负向情感占比从发生期的48.3%攀升至爆发期峰值58.5%,随后逐步回落至消退期的40.4%,呈现先升后降的演化趋势。研究表明,ChatGPT情感分析整体性能优于TF-IDF-SVM与CNN-BiLSTM-Attention等传统基线方法,其模型整体准确率较传统基线模型分别提升5.87个百分点和1.56个百分点,且在隐喻与反讽等复杂语境下负向情感分类表现更优。

Abstract

This study explores the application of generative artificial intelligence in university crisis public opinion management, aiming to innovate university online public opinion management technology and provide a new perspective for generative AI applications in social governance. By integrating prompt engineering and contextual learning, a sentiment analysis framework based on generative AI is constructed, with ChatGPT as the core model. Taking the case of a doctoral student's public accusation of sexual harassment at a Beijing university, we use web scraping to collect Weibo data and apply information lifecycle theory to identify public opinion evolution stages. Through few-shot learning strategies, 10 high-quality labeled examples were selected to guide ChatGPT's sentiment classification and extract negative sentiment keywords across stages to reveal evolution patterns. Findings show the incident exhibited four phases: doubt, anger, reflection, and rationality. Negative sentiment peaked at 58.5% during the outbreak phase, rising from 48.3% in the occurrence phase and declining to 40.4% in the fading phase. ChatGPT outperformed traditional models like TF-IDF-SVM and CNN-BiLSTM-Attention, improving accuracy by 5.87% and 1.56% respectively, with superior performance in metaphorical and sarcastic contexts.

关键词

生成式人工智能/ChatGPT/上下文学习/提示工程/高校突发事件/网络舆情/情感演化

Key words

Generative AI/ChatGPT/Contextual Learning/Prompt Engineering/University Crisis Events/Online Public Opinion/Sentiment Evolution

引用本文复制引用

江长斌,陈子涵,黄英辉,王丹丹,何珂.基于ChatGPT的高校突发事件网络舆情情感分析研究[EB/OL].(2026-04-15)[2026-04-16].https://sinoxiv.napstic.cn/article/25763066.

学科分类

计算技术、计算机技术/信息传播、知识传播

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首发时间 2026-04-15 09:48:26
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