大学生AI素养与自我效能关系的贝叶斯元分析
A Bayesian meta-analysis of the association between AI literacy and self-efficacy
万千一 1温斯情 2马早明3
作者信息
- 1. 澳门科技大学国际学院;四川文理学院党委办公室校办公室
- 2. 澳门科技大学国际学院
- 3. 华南师范大学国家港澳台教材建设重点研究基地
- 折叠
摘要
为系统整合AI素养与大学生自我效能关系特征并识别其异质性来源，本研究最终纳入36项独立研究(N = 25,251)，采用贝叶斯随机效应模型进行元分析并检验调节效应。结果发现，AI素养与大学生自我效能呈显著正相关(贝叶斯r = 0.495，95% CrI [0.420, 0.570] )。调节分析显示，效应大小受自我效能类型、AI素养测量方式和学生类别的显著影响：其中，AI素养与创造性自我效能、创业自我效能的关联强于AI自我效能和一般学业自我效能；自编或整合式自陈量表的效应高于直接AI素养量表、代理指标和客观测量；教育、传媒、语言类学生的关联相对较强。理工、计算机和商管类相对较弱。研究表明，AI素养与大学生自我效能存在正向关联，其作用强度受测量方式、效能类型和专业差异影响。高校应结合不同教学情境与能力目标开展差异化AI素养教育，以促进学生创造性、职业发展等高阶自我效能的提升。
Abstract
To systematically synthesize evidence on the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) literacy and self-efficacy among university students and identify sources of heterogeneity, this study included 36 independent studies (N = 25,251) and conducted a meta-analysis using a Bayesian random-effects model, followed by moderator analyses. The results showed a robust positive association between AI literacy and university students self-efficacy (Bayesian r = 0.495, 95% CrI [0.420, 0.570]). Moderator analyses indicated that effect sizes varied significantly by self-efficacy type, AI literacy measurement approach, and academic discipline. Specifically, the association between AI literacy and both creative self-efficacy and entrepreneurial self-efficacy was stronger than its association with AI self-efficacy and general academic self-efficacy. Effect sizes were larger in studies using self-developed or integrated self-report measures than in those using direct AI literacy scales, proxy indicators, or objective assessments. In addition, the association was relatively stronger for students in education, media, and language disciplines than those in engineering, computer science, and business and management majors. These findings suggest that AI literacy is positively associated with university students self-efficacy, but the strength of this relationship depends on measurement approach, self-efficacy type, and disciplinary context. The findings further imply that AI literacy may function not only as a technical competence but also as a psychological resource linked to higher-order efficacy beliefs, which provide implications for differentiated AI literacy education in higher education.关键词
AI素养/自我效能/大学生/贝叶斯元分析/国际比较/生成式人工智能Key words
AI literacy/self-efficacy/university students/Bayesian meta-analysis/international comparison/generative AI引用本文复制引用
万千一,温斯情,马早明.大学生AI素养与自我效能关系的贝叶斯元分析[EB/OL].(2026-04-21)[2026-04-22].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202604.00234.学科分类
教育
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