同性带电体相互吸引条件的研究
A Study on the Conditions Under Which Like-Charged Bodies Attract Each Other
赵宇琪 1张敏1
作者信息
- 1. 辽宁工程技术大学电子与信息工程学院，辽宁葫芦岛，125105
- 折叠
摘要
本文基于电磁学，研究了经典"同性相斥"规律在特定条件下的适用边界，重点分析同种电荷导体之间可能出现吸引作用的物理机制。以点电荷与带电导体球体系为模型，利用像电荷法将导体表面的感应效应等效为内部虚拟电荷，从而将复杂边界问题转化为多电荷相互作用问题。研究表明，在一定距离与电量比例条件下，感应电荷产生的吸引力可超过库仑排斥力，使系统表现出反常吸引特性；且距离越近，该现象越明显，而距离增大时则恢复传统排斥规律。该结论为微纳尺度电荷调控、静电操控及相关工程应用提供了重要理论依据。
Abstract
Based on electromagnetism, this paper investigates the applicability limits of the classical "like charges repel" principle under specific conditions, with a focus on analyzing the physical mechanisms underlying the potential attractive forces between conductors carrying the same type of charge. Using a system consisting of a point charge and a charged spherical conductor as a model, the image charge method is employed to represent the induced effects on the conductor\'s surface as internal virtual charges, thereby transforming the complex boundary problem into a problem of multiple charge interactions. The study demonstrates that, under certain conditions regarding the ratio of distance to charge, the attractive force generated by induced charges can exceed the Coulomb repulsive force, causing the system to exhibit anomalous attractive behavior. Furthermore, this phenomenon becomes more pronounced as the distance decreases, while the traditional repulsive behavior is restored as the distance increases. This conclusion provides an important theoretical basis for charge control, electrostatic manipulation, and related engineering applications at the micro- and nano-scales.关键词
静电感应/像电荷法/同性相吸/库仑定律/导体球/无量纲判据Key words
Electrostatic induction/image charge method/like charges attract/Coulomb\'s law/conducting sphere/dimensionless criterion引用本文复制引用
赵宇琪,张敏.同性带电体相互吸引条件的研究[EB/OL].(2026-04-29)[2026-04-30].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/202604-215.学科分类
电工基础理论/物理学
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