基于单倍体诱导联合基因编辑技术的玉米商业自交系糯性定向改良研究
Research on Targeted Improvement of Glutinous Traits in Commercial Maize Inbred Lines Based on Haploid Induction Combined with Gene Editing Technology
徐琳洁 1郭晋杰 1朱金洁2
作者信息
- 1. 河北农业大学农学院，保定市，071000
- 2. 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京，100081
- 折叠
摘要
传统回交转育将糯性等位基因导入优良商业玉米自交系往往存在周期长、效率低和遗传背景回复复杂等问题，而常规基因编辑又受遗传转化体系和基因型依赖性的限制。为建立适用于商业骨干自交系的快速糯性改良策略，本研究以携带 ZmWx1 靶向编辑元件的单倍体诱导系 EditWx 为父本，与商业玉米自交系京92和京724杂交，结合单倍体诱导与 CRISPR/Cas9 编辑，实现 ZmWx1 的定向改造。经双荧光筛选、分子鉴定、倍性验证及遗传背景分析，获得携带 ZmWx1 靶位点1-bp 插入突变的候选编辑材料，并进一步筛选得到稳定遗传的编辑纯合系。研究结果表明，京92×EditWx 和京724×EditWx 的单倍体诱导率分别约为 3.8% 和 5.5%；编辑纯合体籽粒淀粉碘染后呈现典型糯性表型，且与原受体自交系保持高度遗传一致性，京92和京724背景材料的遗传背景相似度分别为 98.42% 和 99.67%。同时，编辑株系在株高和果穗形态等主要农艺性状上与对应受体亲本相近。进一步利用改良后的糯性亲本组配获得糯性杂交种，表明 HI-Edit 技术不仅可用于商业自交系的定向改良，也可为骨干杂交种的品质升级提供技术支撑。
Abstract
Conventional backcross breeding to introgress the waxy allele into elite commercial maize inbred lines is often constrained by long breeding cycles, low efficiency, and the complexity of background recovery. Meanwhile, conventional genome editing is limited by the availability of genetic transformation systems and strong genotype dependence. To establish a rapid waxy improvement strategy applicable to elite commercial backbone inbred lines, this study used the haploid inducer line EditWx, carrying a ZmWx1-targeting editing cassette, as the male parent to cross with the commercial maize inbred lines Jing92 and Jing724. By integrating haploid induction with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing, targeted modification of ZmWx1 was achieved. Through dual-fluorescence screening, molecular characterization, ploidy verification, and genetic background analysis, candidate edited materials carrying a 1-bp insertion at the ZmWx1 target site were obtained, and stable homozygous edited lines were subsequently identified. The results showed that the haploid induction rates of Jing92 × EditWx and Jing724 × EditWx were approximately 3.8% and 5.5%, respectively. After iodine staining, kernels of the homozygous edited lines displayed the typical waxy phenotype, while maintaining a high degree of genetic consistency with the original recipient inbred lines; the background recovery rates reached 98.42% for Jing92 and 99.67% for Jing724. In addition, the edited lines were comparable to their respective recipient parents in major agronomic traits, including plant height and ear morphology. Further hybridization using the improved waxy parental lines generated waxy hybrids, demonstrating that HI-Edit technology can be used not only for targeted improvement of commercial inbred lines, but also as a practical technical platform for quality upgrading of backbone commercial hybrid关键词
玉米/单倍体诱导编辑（HI-Edit）/基因编辑/蜡质基因（Wx1）/商业自交系/性状改良Key words
maize/haploid induction-mediated genome editing (HI-Edit)/genome editing/waxy gene (Wx1)/commercial inbred lines/trait improvementk引用本文复制引用
徐琳洁,郭晋杰,朱金洁.基于单倍体诱导联合基因编辑技术的玉米商业自交系糯性定向改良研究[EB/OL].(2026-04-29)[2026-04-30].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/202604-216.学科分类
农业科学研究/农作物/农艺学
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